木质素原料制备烃类化合物的研究进展

Advances in production of hydrocarbon compounds from lignin

木质素是由烷基化的甲氧基苯酚通过氧或碳连接的高度交联的大分子,可用于制备高附加值的燃料和化学品。以来源广泛的木质素为原料制备烃类化合物具有重要的研究价值和良好的应用前景。木质素催化热解是制备烃类化合物的主要方法之一,也是木质素降解研究中的重点和难点,已经受到了人们越来越广泛的重视。笔者概述了近年来木质素原料(含模型物)制备烃类化合物的研究成果,包括木质素转化烃类化合物的催化体系、溶剂体系、烃类化合物尤其是单环芳烃(MAHs)得率和选择性的调控以及利用木质素制备烃类化合物的其他方法,着重介绍了木质素催化裂化及催化加氢脱氧制备烃类化合物的催化体系,并总结了木质素在亚/超临界流体及离子液体中烃类转化的最新成果,最后对木质素制备烃类化合物的研究前景进行了展望,以期为生物质资源的综合利用提供参考。

Lignin is a highly cross-linked macromolecule which consists of various oxygen and carbon bridges between alkylated methoxyl-phenol rings. And it offers great possibilities for the production of high value-added renewable products such as hydrocarbon compounds. However, efficiently depolymerizing lignin is the bottleneck for its widely application. As one of the main methods for production of hydrocarbon compounds from lignin, catalytic pyrolysis has attracted increasingly attention. In this review, recent research achievements in this field are summarized, including catalyst and solvent systems for the conversion of lignin to hydrocarbon compounds, regulation of the yield and selec- tivity of hydrocarbon compounds, especially the selection of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （ MAHs）, and other routes to convert lignin to hydrocarbon compounds. In addition, the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin was discussed in more details, including the catalytic cracking in which deoxygenation reactions take place between depolymerized lignin products in the presence of zeolite catalysts, and the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation that conducted under high tempera- ture and high H2 pressure or in the presence of hydrogen donator solvent. The latest achievements in the conversion of lignin to hydrocarbons in sub-and supercritical fluids and ionic liquids with excellent solubility for lignin are also sum- marized. The future research trends of preparation of hydrocarbon compounds from lignin are prospected for efficient utilization of biomass. Further efforts should be focused on finding a catalyst that should have both catalytic activity and selectivity as well as resistance to deactivation. The reaction conditions of preparation hydrocarbons from different types of lignin should be improved and optimized.