基于韧性特征的城市社区规划与设计框架

A Framework of Urban Community Planning and Design Based on the Characteristics of Resilience

韧性是生态系统的特征之一,但随着人类干预程度的不断加深,人工系统的刚性化越来越强,而生态系统的韧性特征逐渐下降,生态系统的服务功能降低。因此,韧性成为学界和业界广泛讨论和关注的话题。但繁多的概念和抽象的解释仍然无法告诉我们:韧性的本质是什么?可以通过哪些途径在生态规划与设计中进行韧性实践?如何架起不同尺度层面上全面韧性与特定韧性之间的桥梁?本文借助于生态实践智慧的启发,通过韧性概念的变化和成功生态规划设计实践案例的研究,提出生态系统的可变性是系统韧性的根本特征这一观点;并以城市社区为重点,构建以调控系统可变性为核心的城市社区韧性规划与设计框架,共包含两个途径:一是借助规划设计,使社区系统在结构与功能层面尽可能适应环境条件;二是通过组织管控,使社区系统在运行层面尽可能迎合各种环境条件的变化。

Resilience is one of the properties of the ecosystem. However, as the degree of the human intervene growing deeper, the rigidity of the artificial system becomes stronger, and the resilience of the ecological system goes weaker, leading to the decline of the ecosystem service functions. Although resilience has become a topic discussed and concerned primarily by the academia and the industry in this case, the numerous conceptions and fuzzy explanations of it still can＇t answer the questions such as： What is the essence of resilience？ What are the planning and design pathways to conduct the resilient practices.＇？ How to bridge the general resilience and the specific resilience that are in different scales？ Inspired by the ecological practical wisdom, this essay firstly combs the development of the urban resilience conception; secondly, analyzes the successful cases of ecological practice; and then proposes that changeability is the root of the ecosystem resilience; finally, taking the urban community as an example, establishes a resilience framework of urban community planning and design centering on adjusting the changeability of the community system, which includes two pathways to achieve resilience： one is to make the community system adapt to the environment conditions on the structural and functional level through planning and design methods, the other is to shape the system to adapt to the changing environment on the operational level with the help of organization and regulation.