薰衣草精油的制备及其微胶囊化工艺研究

Study on the Preparation Process of Lavender Essential Oil and Its Microencapsulation Process

[目的]优选薰衣草精油的制备及其微胶囊化工艺。[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法制备薰衣草精油,通过单因素试验和正交试验,以精油的提取率为指标,考察原料粒度、料液比、浸泡时间和提取时间对薰衣草精油制备工艺的影响;采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析薰衣草精油的主体呈香成分及含量;采用大豆分离蛋白、β-环糊精和麦芽糊精包埋薰衣草精油。[结果]水蒸气蒸馏法制备薰衣草精油的最优条件为原料粒度60目、料液比1∶15(g∶m L)、浸泡时间1.5 h、提取时间4.0 h,精油的平均提取率为2.34%;经GC-MS分析,薰衣草精油的主体呈香成分为萜类化合物及其衍生物,主要有芳樟醇(34.81%)、乙酸芳樟酯(22.44%)等,占精油中挥发性成分的93.48%;最优条件下,大豆分离蛋白、β-环糊精和麦芽糊精的薰衣草精油包埋率分别为64.40%、43.95%和60.84%,大豆分离蛋白的包埋效果最佳。[结论]水蒸气蒸馏法可用于薰衣草精油的制备,大豆分离蛋白可作为薰衣草精油的天然包埋材料。

[ Objective ] To optimize the preparation process for lavender essential oil and its microencapsulation process. [ Method] Lavender essential oil was prepared with steam distillation method, extraction yield of essential oil was used as evaluation index to investigate the influences of the granularity of raw material, the ratio of material to liquid, the soaking time and the extraction time on the preparation process of lavender essential oil through single factor and orthogonal test. The composition and content of principal aroma components of the lavender essential oil were analyzed with GC-MS. Lavender essential oil was mieroencapsulated with soybean protein isolate, β-cyelodextrin and maitodextrin respectively. [ Result] The optimum processing conditions for lavender essential oil prepared with steam distillation method were as follows ： the granularity of raw material was 60 mesh, the ratio of material to liquid was 1 ： 15 （ g： mL）, the soaking time was 1.5 h and the extraction time was 4.0 h, the average extraction yield of lavender essential oil was 2.34%. After analysis with GC-MS, the principal aroma components of the lavender essential oil were terpenoids and their derivatives, including linalool （ 34.81% ） and linalyl acetate （ 22.44% ）, the total content of these compounds in volatile constituents of lavender essential oil was 93.48%. Under the optimum conditions, the embedding rates of lavender essential oil microencapsulated with soybean protein isolate, β-cyclodextrin and maltodextrin were 64.40%, 43.95% and 60. 84% respectively, the embedding effect of soybean protein isolate was the best. [ Conclusion] Steam distillation method can be used for the preparation of lavender essential oil, and soybean protein isolate can be used as natural embedding material for lavender essential oil.