宁夏银川市322例视力损伤患者特点及康复现状调查分析

Profile of 322 patients with visual impairment presenting in Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

目的了解在宁夏残疾人康复中心进行视力残疾康复的银川市视力损伤人群的人口学和临床特点及助视器使用情况。设计横断面研究。研究对象收集在宁夏残疾人康复中心进行视力残疾康复的银川市患者资料共322例。方法记录患者的性别、年龄、民族、受教育程度、视力、视力损伤的病因,视力损伤程度(分为轻度、中度、重度)和适配的助视器类型。主要指标年龄、性别、视力损伤程度、视力损伤病因、助视器适配类型的构成比。结果资料完整者322例,男性占56.2%,平均年龄(50.9±16.2)岁,40~69岁年龄段人数最多(65.2%)。其中中度视力损伤126例(39.1%),重度视力损伤50例(15.5%),盲146例(45.3%)。引起视力损伤最主要原因为病理性近视(16.5%)。助视器中非视觉性辅具应用最多(54.2%)。近用助视器使用(45.1%)多于远用助视器(0.7%)。最常用的近用助视器为手持式放大镜(35.9%)和眼镜式放大镜(32.3%)。结论视力损伤患者多数为中老年人,主要病因为病理性近视。非视觉性辅具对患者日常生活有较大帮助。近用助视器的使用多于远用助视器。

Objective To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of the population with visual impairment attending Ningxia disabled rehabilitation center. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants 322 cases with visual impairment attending Ningxia disabled rehabilitation center were selected. Methods The clinical records of the patients attending Ningxia disabled rehabilitation center between January, 2015 and December, 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The main data were age, gender, education, visual acuity, diagnosis and prescription of low vision aids. Main Outcome Measures Age, gender, category of visual impairment, cause of visual impairment and prescription of low vision aids. Results Of the 322 patients, 56.2% were male. The mean age was 50.9±16.2 years. The majority （65.2%） of the patients were aged 40~69 years. There were 39.1% with moderate visual impairment, 15.5% with severe visual impairment and 45.3% with blindness. The leading causes of visual impairment were degenerative myopia（16.5%）. The most frequently prescribed low vision aids was non-optical aids（54.2%）. Near aids （45.1%） were dispensed more than distant aid tools （0.7%）. The commonest near aids were handheld magnifier （35.9%） and spectacle-type magnifiers （32.3%）. Conclusions The majority of patients with visual impairment were elderly, the main cause of visual impairment was degenerative myopia. Non-optical aids had great help to patients＇ daily life. Near aids were dispensed more than distant aid tools.