我国普通高等医学院校数量与构成及其变化分析

Study on the quantity and composition of ordinary medical colleges and universities and their changes in China

普通高校在我国高素质卫生人才培养中发挥着重要的作用。1998年-2012年间，我国举办医学教育的普通高校由189所增至590所。2012年，中央和省地市所属医学院校分别为53所和414所，民办医学院校为123所。就办学类别而言，综合性大学、独立设置医药院校和理工院校在数量上位居前3位。高等职业学校数量在不同办学类型中居于首位，2012年达到185所。东部、中部、西部地区医学院校数量在2012年分别为261所、195所和134所。设有医学博士学位授权点的院校数量为73所，占比仅为12．4％；本科和专科医学院校数量分别为304所和391所。

Ordinary medical colleges and universities, which played a crucial role in producing quali- fied health professionals in China, increased from 189 in 1998 to 590 in 2012. There were 53 and 414 medical colleges and universities that were respectively held by the central government and local governments in 2012 and the number of private ones totaled 123. The first three kinds of institutions that offer health professions ed- ucation were comprehensive universities, free-standing medical universities and colleges, and science and en- gineering universities. Higher occupational schools totaled 185 in 2012, out-numbering other types of medical colleges and universities. In the same year, the number of medical colleges and universities in eastern, cen- tral, and western China was 261, 195, and 134, respectively. Only 73 or 12.4% of the 590 medical colleges and universities offered doctorate degrees. Undergraduate and junior medical colleges totaled 304 and 391 in 2012, respectively.