从“孔颜之乐”看中国伦理文化的德福之道

On the Philosophy of Morality of and Happiness in Chinese Ethical Culture from theConfucius-Yan Hui Happiness View

道德品质及其行为应配享幸福,形成良好的社会秩序与人的内心和谐,这是每一种伦理文化自我道德完善的实践目标及伦理信念。无论对于渴望个人自我实现的自由平等的西方伦理文化传统,还是追求天人合一与和谐社会的中国伦理文化传统,既有相互联系的普遍伦理诉求,也有其自身独有的实现"德福一致"的伦理路径。在中国先秦时期,与道家返璞归真的自然幸福论不同,儒家的"孔颜之乐"内在地包含了"仁者爱人"、"仁民爱物"的怡然自乐的幸福,但它们同样作为先秦伦理文化德性幸福论的重要组成部分。经过正统儒家"大一统"的政治伦理的整体建构,演进到宋明理学正统儒家为主、释道为辅的德福之辩,发展到现代境遇中儒释道伦理文化融合的必要与可能,"孔颜之乐"不仅构筑起中国传统文化的核心价值传统,也为现代中国伦理文化的德福之道的建构提供了重要的伦理启示。

Moral trait and behavior should be matched with happiness to form favorable social order and harmonious heart,which is the practical aim and ethical belief for every ethical culture seeking for self moral perfection.For the western tradition of ethical culture which desires for self freedom and equality,or the Chinese tradition of ethical culture which attaches importance to the unity of nature and man,each has its interrelated universal ethical appeal and unique ethical path to realize the unity of morality and happiness.Different from the Taoist philosophy of happiness,which pursues original simplicity,the Confucian view of happiness in the pre-Qin period（period before the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221BC）contains the concept of benevolence,which is an important part of the philosophy of moral happiness in the pre-Qin ethical culture.Confucius-YanHui happiness view,through years of evolution,not only constructs the core value of Chinese cultural tradition,but also provides ethical enlightenment for the construction of modern Chinese ethical culture.