1487例急诊创伤患者流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of 1487 Cases of Emergency Trauma Patients

目的了解急诊外科创伤患者的流行病学特征,为提高创伤急救水平与预防提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析医院急诊外科2010年-2015年救治的1487例创伤住院患者的临床资料,从性别、年龄、创伤外因、创伤时间及主要损伤部位等方面进行统计分析。结果急诊创伤患者1487例,其中男性1125例,女性362例,男女比例为3.11:1;创伤外因前10位依次为交通事故(43.11%)、跌倒(23.67%)、他伤(14.66%)、机械伤(6.72%)、锐器伤(3.56%)、动物咬伤(2.67%)、撞击伤(2.35%)、钝器伤(1.01%)、电击伤(0.54%)、气道异物(0.40%);急诊创伤患者损伤部位以头颅、胸部、腹部及四肢及脊柱为主,不同创伤外因导致的主要损伤部位分布不同;创伤发生时间以夏季(6月-8月)及冬季(11月-12月和1月-2月)为主。结论交通事故和跌倒是主要的致伤原因,政府和医疗机构应根据其特征采取针对性的防治措施,加强意外创伤事件的防控,以降低意外创伤的危害。

Objectives To understand the epidemiological characteristics of emergency surgery trauma patients, and provide reference for improving the level of prevention and emergency treatment of trauma. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1487 cases of patients in emergency trauma surgery admitted in our hospital from 2010 to 2015 from the aspects of sex, age, trauma, trauma and external injury etc. Results There were 1487 cases of emergency trauma patients, of which there were 1125 males and 362 females. The ratio of male to female was 3.11：1; The top !0 emergency trauma external causes were traffic accident （43.11%） and fall （23.67%）, （14.66%）, he was meohanieal injury （6. 72%）, injury （3.56%）, animal bites （2. 67%）, trauma （2. 35%）, blunt injury （1.01%）, electrical injury （0. 54%）, airway foreign body （0. 40%） ; Emergency trauma patients with injury to the head, chest, abdomen and limbs and spine, the main damage in different parts of the distribution of different external causes of trauma; Trauma time in summer （June to August） and winter （November, December,January and February）. Conclusions The main causes of injuries were traffic accidents and falls, the government and medical institutions should take targeted measures according to their characteristics, strengthen the prevention and control of accidental trauma events, so as to reduce the harm of accidental trauma.