沃克和赫斯顿小说中的黑人宗教——兼谈黑人民俗文化的传承

Black religion in the novels of Walker and Hurston: The inheritance of black folk culture

黑人宗教是黑人民俗文化的重要组成部分,也是黑人建构民族身份的精神支柱。赫斯顿与沃克的小说通过描写伏都教法术的通灵、泛灵论思想的和谐以及其它迷信习俗的神秘,揭示黑人宗教所包含的丰富情感和审美智慧,既体现了黑人民俗文化的丰富内涵和艺术魅力,又凸显了黑人作家强烈的民族自豪感和民族身份意识,收到了突出人物个性、烘托作品主题的艺术效果。赫斯顿以丰富的民俗文化积累和优秀的民俗文学成果成为坚守黑人民俗文化的楷模;沃克以女性作家独有的敏锐视角,发掘赫斯顿作品的民俗文化精髓,沿袭了赫斯顿通过文学创作进行文化寻根的叙事技巧,实现了对赫斯顿文本的模仿与修订,建立了与赫斯顿之间亲密的文学"母女"关系,成为赫斯顿弘扬黑人民族文化的嫡系传人,为黑人民俗文化的传承树立了典范。

As part and parcel of black folk culture, black religion constructs the ethnic identity of black people. In their novels, Walker and Hurston depict the psychic of the West African Vodun, the harmony in animistic philosophy and the mystery of other superstitional manners and customs, and reveal the black people＇ s thoughts, feelings and aesthetic wit contained in black religion. Hurston＇ s and Walker＇ s novels not only present the rich spiritual intension of the black folk culture and its unique artistic charm, but also demonstrate the black writers＇ sense of national pride and ethnic identity, only to produce a special artistic effect in portraying characters and highlighting the motif. By accumulating abundant black folk culture and producing excellent folk literary works, Zora Neale Hurston established her fame as a sticker to the black folk culture. As a junior, Alice Walker, with great respect, employed Hurston＇ s narrative technique of seeking the black cultural root in novel - writing and thus repeated and/or revised the sen- ior＇ s text. In this sense, Walker created a literary bond with Hurston and became a direct successor tothe latter in promoting the black folk culture.