爆炸法制备碳包覆铜纳米粒子及其对AP热分解的影响

Carbon-coated Copper Nanoparticles Prepared by Detonation Method and its Influence on AP Thermal Decomposition

应用石蜡包覆黑索金(RDX),加入硝酸铜制得混合炸药药柱,以氮气作为保护气在爆炸容器中引爆,制备了碳包覆铜纳米粒子。利用X射线衍射仪(X-Ray Diffraction,XRD)、透射电镜(Transmission Electron Microcopy,TEM)、拉曼光谱仪对产物成分和形貌进行了表征。结果发现:爆轰产物呈球状,粒径分布在20~45 nm;外壳碳包覆层厚度为3 nm,主要由石墨和无定型碳构成。利用差示扫描量热分析仪(Differential Scanning Calorimeter,DSC)研究了碳包覆铜纳米粒子对高氯酸铵(Ammonium Perchlorate,AP)热分解性能的影响,结果表明:将5%碳包覆铜纳米粒子作为催化剂混合加入到AP中,在5、10、20℃/min的升温速率下,AP的高温分解峰分别提前了72.77、72.93、74.77℃;AP的表观活化能下降了27.18 k J/mol,表现出对AP热分解过程具有显著的催化作用。

Carbon-coated Copper Nano Particles（ CCNPs） are prepared by initiating a high density charge pressed with a mixture of microcrystalline wax,hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine（ RDX） and copper nitrate hydrate（ Cu（ NO3）2·3H2O） in the explosion vessel filled with nitrogen gas. The detonation products are characterized by X-Ray Diffraction（ XRD）,Transmission Electron Microcopy（ TEM） and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicate that the detonation products are spherical in shape and ranging from 20 nm to 45 nm in size. The carbon shell with 3 nm thickness is mainly consisted of graphite and amorphous carbon. The effects of CCNPs on thermal decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate（ AP） are studied by Differential Scanning Calorimeter（ DSC）. When 5wt% CCNPs are mixed with 95wt% AP,the high-temperature decomposition peak of AP decreases by 72. 77,72. 93 and 74. 77 ℃ at heating rates of 5,10 and 20 ℃/min,respectively. Moreover,CCNPs decrease the activation energy of AP calculated by Kissinger’s method by 27. 18 k J/mol,showing outstanding catalysis on AP thermal decomposition.