“一战”期间在中国的奥匈战俘

Austro-Hungarian Prisoners of War in China during World War One

"一战"期间共有数百万奥匈帝国官兵沦为俘虏。不少关押于俄国境内的奥匈战俘流亡中国东北,受到尚处中立的中国当局及他国民间组织的救助。1917年民国北京政府对同盟国宣战,奥匈帝国使馆卫队及天津奥匈租界驻军就地解除武装,成为新的战俘,先后被收容于北京。在华的奥匈战俘,有的因对本国政府不满而成为暴乱的制造者,有的则奋进为著名人士,如上海建筑业先锋邬达克。这一特殊群体无疑是审视战争、反映当时中国政治社会历史变迁的重要窗口。

During the Great War millions of Austro-Hungarian soldiers fell into their enemy countries＇ captivity. Many of those detained by the Russian authorities managed to flee towards Manchuria, receiving aid from neutral China and from their countries＇ humanitarian organizations. In 1917, Beijing declared war on the Central Powers, subsequently resulting in the Austro-Hungarian Legation Guard as well as the Tianjin Marine detachment being disarmed and interned in Beijing. Some of the dissatisfied Siberian refugee POWs had conspired against their country＇ s consulates, while others later found fame and fortune, like Shanghai＇s modern architecture＇s vanguard Ladislav Hudec. By examining this special group of POWs, it sheds light on the contemporary Chinese political, social and historical changes.