台湾地区工作贫穷的形成机制与政策思考

Working Poor Mechanism in Taiwan and its Policy Implication

过去一二十年来,中国台湾地区经济结构从工业社会转变成为后工业社会,同时也面临后进工业社会在全球市场中的挑战。在此情况下,新社会风险,如低薪化和弹性化的劳动市场,逐渐成为台湾地区社会面临的主要社会问题之一。"22K"即是在此背景下所浮现的议题之一。在此背景下,贫穷的本质也逐渐得到改变。传统工业社会中,强调"工作"是脱离贫穷的主要途径,但在低薪化和弹性化的劳动市场中,"工作"不再成为避免贫穷的保证,许多工作人口依然面临贫穷风险的威胁。一般而言,工作贫穷的成因不外乎:低薪、非正规工作、或是家庭工作人口与依赖人口比例太低。而台湾地区工作贫穷的现象主要可以归于两个因素:低薪化和非正规就业。本文聚焦这一问题,从量化分析角度验证台湾地区工作贫穷是因为普遍性的低薪工作所造成,还是因为非正规工作所造成。通过对LIS数据的回归分析发现,低薪化是台湾地区造成工作贫穷的主要原因。

In the past few decades, the economic structure of Taiwan changes from industrial to post- industrial society, which faces challenges in the global market. In this context, a series of new social risks suc h as lowering wages and increasing elasticity of labour market beomce one of the main social problems in Taiw an. ＂Working＂, traditionally been considered as an important way out of poverty, are no longer a guarantee. Th e causes of working poor in Taiwan can be generalized into two factors： low wages and informal employment. T his articles seeks to quantitatively analyze and compare these two causes of working poor in Taiwan, whether i t be low wages or informal employment