台湾海峡海上交通管理措施研究——国际法的视角

On Maritime Traffic Management Measures in the Taiwan Strait——In the Perspective of International Law

防止船舶事故及船源污染的重点是加强海峡内船舶的交通管理。依据联合国海洋法公约,台湾海峡虽属于"用于国际航行的海峡",但不应适用过境通行制,航行的船舶应依据不同的海域性质适用不同交通管理措施。澎湖水道作为内水,为保护海洋环境可限制外国船舶的通行。鉴于海峡内的自然及航运状况,中国大陆和台湾方面应从中华民族利益的角度进行合作,可向IMO申请建立PSSA,并实施特殊的诸如分道通航制、避航区等交通管理措施,并建立或完善船舶交通管理系统和船舶报告系统,保障海峡内的交通管理措施被切实执行。

The key point to prevent ship accident and vessel-sourced pollution is to strength the traffic management in the Strait. According to the UNCLOS, although the Strait is a ＂strait used for international navigation＂, it should not apply to transit passage. Ships should apply to different traffic management measures to be based on different waters. As internal water, a limitation can be used on navigation of foreign vessels in order to protect the marine environment of Penghu channel. In view of the special natural condition and shipping situation of the Strait, an application on PSSA can be approved by IMO and special traffic management measures can be implemented, such as TSS and Area to be Avoided. VTS and SRS can be also established or improved to insure traffic management measures to be carried out indeed.