浅谈物质代谢网络的交汇点——mTOR

The crosstalk of metabolism network-mTOR

当营养、生长因子和能量代谢驱动碳水化合物分解功能,加速蛋白质、脂肪及氨基酸的合成代谢时,细胞便加速生长繁殖。哺乳类动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,m TOR)可整合营养、生长因子及能量等外界因素对细胞的刺激,调控细胞的增殖分化。m TOR存在两种复合体形式:mTORC1和m TORC2。mTORC1可接受来自生长因子、氨基酸、能量及炎症反应等多种信号,促进细胞增殖,在维持代谢稳态中具有重要作用。当缺失mTORC1时,细胞生长及蛋白质合成受到抑制并诱导自噬的发生。m TORC2则与细胞骨架、脂类分解、胰岛素抵抗、Akt等激酶的激活作用相关。本文中我们将综述近期发现的m TOR上下游信号分子,系统解析m TOR通过调节蛋白质、核酸和脂类代谢来促进机体生长和细胞增殖的分子机制。

When nutrients, growth factors and the energy metabolic trigger carbohydrates catabolism and when these expedite the synthesis metabolism of proteins, nucleotides and lipids, the growth of the cells is accelerated. Mammals rapamycin target protein （mTOR） can integrate these influence factors to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of the cells, mTOR exists two functional and structural distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTORC1 can be activated by growth factors, amino acids, energy signatures and inflammatory molecules, it promotes cell growth and ceil proliferation, it plays an important role in maintaining metabolism homeostasis. The cell growth and protein synthesis are inhibited, and the autophagy is induced when the mTORC1 gene is missing. However, mTORC2 is linked to the activation of cytoskeleton, lipolysis, insulin resistance and Akt kinase. This paper reviews the recent findings about the upstream and downstream signaling molecules of mTOR signal pathway, and analyzes how the mTOR promotes the organism grow and the cell proliferation molecular mechanism by regulating the synthesis metabolism of the protein, the nucleic acid and lipid.