中国复合民主的价值及其优化逻辑

The Value and Optimization Logic of Compound Democracy in China

复合民主在形式上分为直接民主与间接民主的复合,在内容上分为选举国家公职人员的选举民主与决定公共事务的决策民主的复合,在功能上分为消除分歧、形成共识的协商民主与履行合法化的票决民主的复合。中国特色社会主义复合民主是协商民主与票决民主相互作用、有机互动构成的复合统一体。通过协商民主过程,以实现消除分歧、扩大共识,减少决策执行阻力的目标。依据票决程序,实现决策最大合法性的目的。此种复合民主体现了理性选择理论以最小的成本和代价,获得最大化收益的原则;展示了协商先行、票决跟进,协商预期目标的实现程度决定票决的实施及范围,协商具有解决内容的实质功能、票决具有形式的合法性意义等重要特征。基于中国特色社会主义复合民主运作的现状,需要从提高复合民主参与主体的多元性、增进协商民主的法治化程度、渐进拓展票决民主的范围和深度以及提升协商与票决的衔接度四个维度予以优化,更好地提升中国特色社会主义复合民主的运作质量。

Compound democracy is embodied as the combination of direct democracy and indirect democracy concerning the form,the voting democracy for electing important officials and the decisionmaking democracy for making significant decisions concerning the content,and the deliberative democracy for eliminating differences as well as reaching consensus and the voting democracy for realizing legalization concerning the function. The socialist compound democracy with Chinese characteristics is an composite entity composed by the mutual function and organic interaction of voting democracy and deliberative democracy,which seeks to realize the object of eliminating differences,expanding consensus and reducing the resistance to decision implementation,and also seeks to reach the purpose of achieving the maximum legitimacy of decision-making according to voting procedures. Such a compound democracy reflects the principle of 'the maximum benefits with the minimum of cost and price'based on the rational choice theory,and it shows such characteristics as 'deliberation followed by voting ',how deliberation functions determining how voting works,deliberation with the substantive function of defining the content and voting with the significance of legalization in the form. Based on the status quo of the socialist compound democracy with Chinese characteristics,it needs to take effective measures from the four aspects of improving pluralist participation of compound democracy,promoting law-abiding de-gree of deliberative democracy,gradually expanding the scope and depth of voting democracy and enhancing the convergence degree between deliberation and voting,so as to realize the better optimization of compound democracy in China.