辐射巡测仪探头的射线屏蔽装置的设计与应用

Development and application of radiation shielding device for radiation survey detector

目的 为精确测量日本福岛县内本地辐射水平,准确评价去污治理效果,开发一套用于辐射巡测仪探头的射线屏蔽装置.方法 选用铅合金作为屏蔽装置的主要制作材料.分别在放射监管实验室内和福岛县某受污染地区进行各项实验,测量不同铅板和铅筒对射线的衰减效果.根据测量结果,综合考虑遮蔽效果、制造成本及实用性等因素,设计整套屏蔽装置.结果 整套屏蔽装置由一个主遮蔽体、一个探头遮蔽体和一个带盖子的托架组成.主遮蔽体为高10 cm、厚3 cm的铅筒,探头遮蔽体为高8 cm、厚2 cm的铅筒,托架盖子为厚1 cm的圆形铅板.结论 使用该装置能够有效屏蔽来自被测地周边环境的辐射干扰,准确地测量本地辐射水平,更好地评估放射性污染治理的效果,对福岛受污染地区灾后重建工作有一定利用价值.

Objective To develop the radiation shielding device for an environmental radiation survey meter with an aim to precisely measure local radiation levels and evaluate decontamination effectiveness in Fukushima.Methods A kind of lead alloy was selected as the main material for the shielding device.Attenuation effects of different lead plates and lead cylinders were measured at the radiation regulatory laboratory and in a polluted area of Fukushima,respectively.The whole shielding device was designed on the basis of measurement results,attenuation effects,cost of production and practicability.Results The whole device was composed of main shielding,probe shielding and a bracket with lid.The main shielding was a lead cylinder with 10 cm in height and 3 cm in thickness.The probe shielding was a lead cylinder with 8 cm in height and 2 cm in thickness.The thickness of lid was 1 cm.Conclusions The device can be available to effectively shield the influence of ambient radiation and accurately measure local radiation levels and evaluate decontamination effectiveness.It can play a valuable part in post-disaster reconstruction of contaminated areas in Fukushima.