知信行理论在学龄期哮喘儿童自我管理行为干预中的应用

Application of Knowledge-attitude-belief Practice Model in Self-management Behaviors Intervention of School-age Children with Asthma

目的探讨知信行理论对学龄期哮喘儿童自我管理行为干预的效果。方法 2015年5月至2016年1月,便利抽样法选择在上海某三级甲等医院儿童哮喘专科门诊就诊的轻、中度慢性持续哮喘患儿100例为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组进行常规健康宣教,观察组在对照组基础上采取知信行理论进行哮喘患儿的自我管理行为干预,干预时间为6个月。观察并比较两组患儿干预前及干预后6个月自我管理行为量表得分以及健康行为相关指标的情况。结果干预后,观察组患儿的自我管理量表总分及疾病医学管理、日常生活管理、社会心理管理得分均高于对照组,在哮喘控制上优于对照组,发作次数低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组患儿用药依从性明显提高,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(U=42.011,P<0.01)。结论应用知信行理论对学龄期哮喘儿童进行自我管理行为的干预能够提高和改善哮喘儿童的自我管理能力和行为,减少哮喘发作次数,提高用药依从性,促进哮喘有效控制。

Objective To investigate the application effect of knowledge-attitude-belief-practice （KABP） model on behavior intervention in school-age children with asthma.Methods By convenience sampling,100 cases were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 50 cases in each group.The control group received routine health education,while the observation group received additional KABP health education for six months.The self-management behaviors and health status of the children were observed.Results After intervention,the scores of self-management behaviors,medical management, daily life management, social psychological management in observation group were higher than that of con- trol group,the scores of control of asthma was better than control group, times of attacks were less than control group （all P〈0.05）.The medical compliance in observation group was significantly improved （U=42.011,P〈0.01）.Conelusions The self-management behaviors intervention on the basis of KABP model can effectively improve the self-management behaviors of school-age children.It can also relieve the symptoms of asthma and reduce the times of attacks and improve the behavior compliance in patients, and facilitate effective control of asthma.