昆明地区汉族及沧源地区佤族女性阴道感染状况及危险因素分析

Analysis on vaginal infection situations and risk factors among Han nationality women in Kunming area and Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area

目的分析云南省昆明地区汉族及沧源地区佤族健康普查女性阴道感染状况及危险因素。方法采用"一对一"访谈的方式进行横断面流行病学调查,调查问卷内容包括职业、受教育程度、居住情况、浴室类型、洗浴方式、吸烟、饮酒、性伴侣数、是否进行阴道冲洗及频率、婚育情况等生活和卫生行为习惯。检测所有被调查者阴道分泌物的清洁度、p H值、滴虫、假丝酵母菌、线索细胞、纤毛菌及加特纳菌。结果昆明地区与沧源地区女性职业、洗浴方式、受教育程度、独立浴室、性伴侣数、阴道及外阴冲洗习惯、分娩方式、足月产次数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而吸烟、饮酒生活方式比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。昆明地区与沧源地区女性阴道分泌物中假丝酵母菌、滴虫、纤毛菌、唾液酸苷酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。昆明地区与沧源地区女性阴道分泌物清洁度、p H值、过氧化氢、线索细胞、加特纳菌、白细胞酯酶、凝固酶检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。昆明地区与沧源地区女性阴道微生态异常、细菌性阴道病发病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);滴虫性阴道炎、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病发病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论沧源地区佤族女性滴虫性阴道炎、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病发病率明显高于昆明地区汉族女性,与沧源地区佤族女性务农人群多、受教育程度偏低、缺乏良好的洗浴设施及卫生习惯、多个性伴侣、多次顺产等因素有关。

Objective To analyze vaginal infection situations and risk factors among health screening Han nationality women in Kunming area and health screening Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area. Methods A one-to-one interview was performed for cross-sectional epidemiological investigation, the questionnaire content included occupation, educational level, living conditions, the types of bathroom, washing and bathing ways, smoking, alcohol consumption, the number of sexual partners, vaginal washing or not and the frequency, history of marriage, health behaviors and habits. Vaginal cleanliness, pH value, trichomonad, eandida, clue cells, leptotrichia, and Gartner bacteria in vaginal secretions were detected. Results There were statistically significant differences in occupation, washing and bathing ways, educational level, single separate bathroom, the number of sexual partners, vaginal washing habit, delivery mode, and the number of term delivery between Han nationality women in Kunming area and Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area （ P〈0. 05 ） ; there was no statistically significant difference in smoking and alcohol consumption between Han nationality women in Kunming area and Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area （P〉 0. 05 ） . There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of Candida, trichomonad, leptotrichia, neuraminidase, and β-glucuronidase between Hart nationality women in Kunming area and Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area （P〈 0. 05 ） ; there was no statistically significant difference in vaginal cleanliness, pH value, hydrogen peroxide, the detection rates of clue cells, Gartner bacteria, leucocyte esterase, and coagulase between Han nationality women in Kunming area and Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area （ P〉0. 05 ） . There was no statistically significant difference in micro-ecological anomaly and incidence rate of bacterial vaginosis be- tween Han nationality women in Kunming area and Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area （ P〉0. 05 ） . There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of trichomonas vaginitis and vulvovaginal candidiasis between Han nationality women in Kunming area and Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area （ P〈0.05 ） . Conclusion The incidence rates of trichomonas vaginitis and vulvovaginal candidiasis among Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area are significantly higher than those among Han nationality women in Kunming area, which are correlated with more farming population, lower educational level, lack of bathing facilities and hygiene habits, multiple sexual partners, and multiple natural labor among Wa nationality women in Cangyuan area.