青岛市大气气溶胶中^210Pb活度浓度变化特征及辐射剂量估算

Variation in activity concentration of ^210Pb in atmospheric aerosol and its radiation dose assessment in Qingdao

目的了解青岛市大气气溶胶中^210Pb的变化特征，评估吸入^210Pb对人体辐射的影响。方法利用高纯错（HPGe）1能谱仪测量采集的气溶胶样品来监测2015年4月至2016年3月青岛市大气气溶胶中^210Pb的活度浓度。结果监测期间大气气溶胶中^210Pb活度浓度的变化范围为0．06～1．61mBq／m^3，平均值为（0．70-0．50）mBq／m^3。大气气溶胶中放射性核素^210Pb的活度浓度2015年12月至2016年2月较高，8月至11月较低。气溶胶中^210Pb对成年人年待积有效剂量贡献为6．35×10^-6Sv。大气气溶胶中^210Pb活度浓度平均值稍高于联合国原子辐射影响科学委员会（UNSCEAR）1988年报告书给出的全球近地面大气^210Ph平均活度浓度推荐值（0．50mBq／m^3）。青岛市大气气溶胶中^210Pb活度浓度月变化与厦门市具有相似规律。结论青岛市大气气溶胶中^210Pb变化特征与大气环境污染状况具有一致性。气溶胶中^210Pb对成年人年待积有效剂量贡献比较低。但对于长期处于较高^210Ph活度浓度空气环境中的人群，^210Pb沉积在肺部的长期辐射影响应引起重视。

Objective To investigate the variation patterm in activity concentration of ^210Pb in atmospheric aerosol in Qindao and evaluate its internal radiation effect to human body. Methods ^2100 Pb activity concentration of aerosol samples was measured by high purity germanium （HPGe） T spectrometer for purpose of ascertaining its variation in aerosol in Qingdao from April 2015 to March 2016. Results ^210Pb activity concentration in aerosol varied from 0.06 to 1.61 mBq/m3 and the mean of （0.70 ± 0.50） mBq/m3 , slightly higher than the UNSECAR 1988 report recommended value of 0.50 mBq/m3. In this study, zmPb activity concentration in aerosol was high from December 2015 to February 2016 and low from August to November. Radiation dose assessment revealed that the annual committed effective dose to adults delivered by ^210Pb was 6.35 × 10^-6 Sv. The monthly variation in activity concentration variation of ^210pb in atmospheric aerosol in Qingdao was similar as in Xiamen. Conclusions Activity concentration of ^210pb in atmospheric aerosols in Qingdao varied largely dependent on atmospheric environmental pollution. ^210Pb contributed less to the adult annual committed effective dose. However, more attention should be drawn to the long-term radiation effects to adults due to the ^210Pb potentially deposited in lungs.