西部乡村旅游社区社会景观敏感度分析——以甘南郎木寺镇为例

Social landscape sensitivity analysis of western tourism community: A case study of Langmusi town in Gannan

旅游开发使得乡村旅游社区社会构成复杂化,多人群的空间竞争与冲突日益明显。如果能够建立社会景观敏感度的指标,对旅游开发干扰下社会问题出现的可能性进行评估,将对乡村旅游社区规划管理有重要的意义。利用参与式制图和半结构访谈的方法,对甘南郎木寺镇的藏族居民、回族居民、游客和经营者四类群体进行景观价值调查,最终获得396份访谈表和填图。在此基础上,利用地方竞争理论和景观价值理论构建旅游社区社会景观敏感度模型,并基于GIS工具计算和揭示其空间特征。研究表明:(1)社会景观敏感度分析从社会互动和空间格局两个方面对旅游社区进行评价,一定程度上能够表征社会景观的格局与效应,为旅游社区规划管理提供依据;(2)研究揭示的景观敏感区域空间上呈现斑状分布,承载着多人群的关注和竞争关系,与社区资源分布、多人群文化认同和环境心理因素相联系;(3)田野调查,多人群地方竞争理论和PPGIS空间分析技术的结合,为地方感研究提供了新的视角,也为社会景观研究提供了新的机遇。

Tourism development makes the social composition of rural tourism community more complex, where multi-groups compete and conflict with each other. It will be meaningful for planning and management of rural tourism community to develop the index of social landscape sensitivity and evaluate the possibility of the social problem under the disturbance of tourism development. Using participatory mapping technique and semi-structure interview, we investigated the local Tibetan residents, Hui residents, tourists and merchants at Langmusi town in Gannan. Finally, we obtained 396 sets of questionnaires, interviews and mappings that measured landscape values. On this basis, theories of place contention and landscape value provide a theoretical framework to develop a social landscape sensitivity model for the tourism community. Then based on the GIS tools, we calculate and reveal its spatial characteristics. The results show that： （1） Social landscape sensitivity analysis, which evaluates the tourism community from social interaction and spatial pattern, reflects the patterns and effects of social landscape to a certain extent and provides evidence of tourism planning and management; （2） Sensitive areas of landscape in this study show a patchy distribution of multi- groups＇ attention and competition, which is associated with the distribution of community resources, cultural identity and environmental psychological factors. （3） The combination of field work, multi-groups＇ competition theory and PPGIS spatial analysis technology provides a new perspective for the study of sense of place, and also provides new opportunities for the study of social landscape.