违约方合同解除权研究——以解释论为视角

Study on the Right of Terminating the Contract by the Defaulting Party——From the Perspective of Interpretative Theory

我国民法学界对于合同解除制度讨论众多,但并未立法明确赋予违约方解除权。大量的司法实践表明,违约方主动解除合同的现象已经确实存在,赋予违约方合同解除权,一方面可以鼓励违约方积极赔偿或补偿,另一方面也可以提高整个社会的经济效益。在目前的司法框架下,采取解释论的方式才能更好地解决违约方解除合同的合法路径问题,若坚持以合同法第94条第一款为基础解释违约方的合同解除权利,将会产生违约方机会解约,给守约方带来诉累等问题。从《合同法》第110条规定的三种例外情形的适用范围和后果来分析,在这三种情形发生后,强制履行不能,原合同目的无法实现,合同将陷入僵持。因此,以合同法第110条为基础,结合合同法司法解释第26条,通过履行不能的体系,解释违约方解除合同的条件和方式较为合适,这一解释路径能使法律更好地回应司法实践,为我国的社会经济发展提供更可靠的保障。

China＇s civil law scholars have discussed much about contract termination system, but no specific entitlement of default party right has been set. The phenomenon that defaulting parties have taken initiative to terminate the contract does exist, which encourages the defaulting party to compensate positively and enhances the economic benefits of the whole society as well. In current judicial system, the interpretative theory can be seen as an effective way to solve the problem of the breaching party to terminate the contract legally. If the first paragraph of article ninety-fourth of the party is adopted to explain the defaulting party＇s right to dissolution of contract, problems such as breaching contract and litigation exhaustion will appear. By analyzing the scope and consequences of the three exceptions provisions of ＂contract law＂ article 110, after these three cases occurred, the other party can not enforce the original contract and nor can it achieve the purpose, the contract will be a stalemate. It is approriate to interpret the condition for the defaulting party to terminate the contract and the way how they do it through non-fulfilling system based on the Contract Law, the 11th clause and by combining the judicial interpretation, the 26th clause, which enables laws to better respond to the judicial practice, providing a more reliable guarantee for China＇s economic and social development.