修桥、祭桥与拆桥——黔东南“敬桥”习俗及相关法律问题

Bridge-Building,Praying to Bridges and Bridge-Dismantling:Customs of Praying to Bridges and Relevant Problems of Laws in the Southeast of Gui Zhou

生活在贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州的苗、侗、水、布依等少数民族都有"敬桥"的习俗。台江、雷山、三穗、黎平等地一直保留着这一民间传统,各民族对"桥"是十分尊重和敬仰的,大到长度几十米的水泥桥,小到类似桥状的板凳都普遍加以信仰,各地"敬桥"文化有相似之处,又各具特色,反映了各民族群众"求子"、"育子"和修桥积福,祈求家族兴旺的心理。在祭桥过程中与"祭桥权"相关纠纷的出现,成为当地司法实践中一类新的疑难问题。

The custom of ＂praying to bridges＂ ubiquitously exists in the traditional cultures of the Miao, Dong, Shui, and BuYi nationalities in the autonomous prefecture in the southeast of Gui Zhou. Places such as Taijiang, Leishan, Sanhui, Liping and the like keep the folk tradition all the time. The culture of ＂praying to bridges＂ among these minorities has not only some common points but also their own unique characteristics. These minorities respect and revere bridges very much, whether cementing bridges which are several meters or small benches which look like bridges, which reflects their praying for baby boys, looking forward to rear children, getting blesses from gods and wishing family prosperity. However, some disputes and entanglements related to ＂the righls of praying to bridges＂ gradually appear in the process of praying to bridges, which evolves a new problem in the practice of local judiciary.