家庭农场发展环境要素分析与实证验证?——基于吉林延边的调查数据

Empirical study on the environmental elements of family farm's development:Based on the survey data from Yanbian of Jilin Province

外界环境因素对家庭农场的发展起重要支撑作用,不同地域条件下家庭农场培育的主要路径和着力点各异。基于PEST模型从政治、经济、社会和技术角度解释家庭农场发展环境的构成要素,构建家庭农场发展环境要素分析模型,运用层次分析法计算出各层指标的权重,探讨家庭农场发展的环境作用机制。结果表明,金融支持、土地流转效率和自然资源禀赋是目前家庭农场发展中最重要的三个外部环境因素,权重均大于0.1,社会化服务体系和家庭农场配套政策因素影响较大,权重介于0.6-0.9之间,工业化与城镇化、产业基础和农场管理水平对家庭农场的贡献处于中等水平,农业生产基础设施、法律法规监管和农业科技服务并不是影响现阶段家庭农场发展的主要因素。并结合吉林延边家庭农场的实际调研结果得到模糊评价矩阵,系统和定量地分析了吉林延边家庭农场的发展环境,研究表明,吉林延边家庭农场的环境影响因素中,社会环境因素和政策环境因素作用突出,经济环境因素和技术环境因素次之。因此,应在坚持因地制宜原则的基础上,建立多样化的支农惠农融资渠道,提高土地流转效率,健全社会化服务体系,并强化政府对家庭农场的引导和扶持。

Environmental factors play an important supporting role in the development of family farms. The main path and the focus to develop family farms are distinguished under different geographical conditions. To explore the environmental influencing mechanism on the development of family farms, this paper systematically and comprehensively analyzed the political, economic, social and technical factors of the development environment of family farms by the PEST model, a Factors Analysis Model and calculated the weight of each indicator by the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）. Results show that financial supports, land transfer efficiency, and natural resources are the three most important external environment factors in the development of family farms and the weights are greater than 0.1. Social service system and government supporting policies come second and the weights are between 0.6-0.9. Industrialization and urbanization, industrial basis and farm’s management made moderate contributions to the family farms and agricultural production infrastructure, laws and regulations supervision, and agricultural science and technology services are not significant factors. Based on the above results, this paper further analyzed the development environment of family farms in Yanbian by a fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Method. Results show that social environment factors and policy environment factors play a critical role in the development of family farms in Yanbian; while economic environment factors and social environment factors come second. Therefore, to promote the development of family farms, this paper suggests to establish diverse agriculture-supporting financing channels, to improve land transfer efficiency, and to strengthen government guidance and support.