福利经济学视角下规模经营模式探讨——以安徽省为例

Discussion on the operating modes of scale farmland management from the perspective of welfare economics:A case study of Anhui Province

多种形式的规模经营有利于促进现代农业发展,但是否利于改进农民福利值得探讨。基于安徽省7县(区)实地调研,从福利经济学视角对规模经营模式下农户福利特征进行比较分析,并探讨农户福利改进的效果。结果表明,安徽省规模经营模式分为农户自营、农户联合经营和农业产业化联合经营3种模式。自营模式下农户能完全自主决策,用工成本相对较低,但社会资源有限;联合经营模式下农户签订契约,拥有部分决策权,社会网络扩大,但存在一定的违约风险;产业化联合经营模式下经营决策权由企业掌控,农户参与标准化生产,但依赖于企业的运营和履约情况来保障收益。研究表明,每种模式对农户福利改进均有一定成效,但仍存在有待改进的地方。自营模式下应加大对农户的支持力度,引导农户合理安排生产规模,加强对规模经营风险的认知和防范;联合经营模式下种养合作社应加强品牌意识,土地合作社应规范管理,增强双方契约精神,探索纵深一体化联合;产业化联合经营模式下应通过股份合作等形式建立完善的风险、利益分摊机制,发挥合作社中介功能。

Although various forms of scale management are beneficial to promote the development of modern agriculture, additional investigations are required about whether they are worthwhile to improve farmers’ welfare. Based on a survey data of seven counties in Anhui Province, this research analyzed farmers’ welfare under different modes of scale farmland management from the perspective of welfare economics. Results show that there are three scale management modes in Anhui Province, including self-operation mode, joint management mode, and agricultural industrialization management mode. Under the self-operation mode, farmers own complete autonomy, and labor costs are relatively low; but the social resources are limited. Under the joint management mode, farmers sign contracts, have partial autonomy, and expand their social network; but farmers suffer a risk of default. Under the agricultural industrialization management mode, the corporations control the rights of management and decision-making, while farmers participate in standardized production with reduced marketing costs; but farmers’ welfare depends more on the operation and performance of the corporations. Each mode has partly improved farmers’ welfare, but some limitations still exist. In self-operation mode, farmers should get more support and guidance from the government to define their production scale moderately, and strengthen the awareness of risk-prevention of scale management. Under the joint management mode, planting cooperatives should develop the brand awareness, while land cooperatives should standardize management, enhance the contract spirit, and explore deeper integration. Under the agricultural industrialization management mode, benefit-and-risk sharing mechanisms should be established through joint stock partnership and cooperatives should work as intermediaries.