氯化镉短期重复染毒致雄性大鼠早期毒性损伤敏感指标

The early toxic effect sensitive index of short-term-repeated exposure to cadmium chloride in male rats

目的观察氯化镉对雄性大鼠经口灌胃短期重复染毒的早期毒性损伤效应指标。方法无特定病原体级健康雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分成对照组和低、中、高剂量组。采用经口灌胃染毒方法,低、中、高剂量组大鼠分别予剂量为1.11、3.51和11.06 mg/kg体质量的氯化镉染毒,1次/d,连续4周;对照组予等体积超纯水处理。染毒期间称量大鼠体质量,观察其活动状况。实验结束后处死大鼠,检测其主要脏器系数、血常规、血清生化指标、尿中相关效应指标和骨密度指标。结果染毒期间,高剂量组大鼠出现活动减少、静卧多、行动迟缓和皮毛失去光泽等表现,第1~4周体质量均低于同时间点对照组(P<0.05)。染毒结束后,与对照组比较,高剂量组大鼠肾脏和脾脏的质量均下降(P<0.05),肝脏脏器系数升高(P<0.05);中和高剂量组大鼠血液、尿液、肝脏、肾脏和股骨中的镉水平均升高(P<0.05);低和中剂量组大鼠红细胞计数均升高(P<0.05);中和高剂量组大鼠血红蛋白水平均下降(P<0.05),高剂量组大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活力升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,中剂量组大鼠尿中α_1-微球蛋白和β_2-微球蛋白水平均下降(P<0.05),尿素氮水平升高(P<0.05),但高剂量组大鼠上述指标均无出现有统计学意义的改变(P>0.05),且3个剂量组大鼠尿中N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶水平均无出现有统计学意义的改变(P>0.05)。高剂量组大鼠股骨质量、骨钙水平、中点骨密度和远端骨密度均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论骨骼效应可作为氯化镉短期重复实验的早期毒性效应指标。

Objective To observe the early adverse effect index caused by short-term-repeated exposure to cadmium chloride via oral perfusion in male rats.Methods Forty specific pathogen free healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups： control group,low-,middle-and high-dose groups.The rats of low-,middle-and high-dose groups were treated with cadmium chloride 1.11,3.51 and 11.06 mg/kg body weight,respectively,and the control group rats was treated with the same volume of ultra pure water,by gavage once a day for four weeks.During the experimental duration,the body weights of the rats were taken and activity status of the rats was observed.After the experiment,the rats were executed,and some indicators of main organ coefficients,blood routine,serum biochemical indexes,urine related effect indexes and bone mineral density were measured.Results During the experimental duration,rats of high-dose group showed the symptoms such as decreased activity,increase repose,move slowly and skin duller.Comparing with control group at the same time points,the body masses of the high-dose group of the 1-4 weeks were lower （P〈0.05）.After the experiment,comparing with control group,the weights of kidney and spleen of the high-dose group decreased significantly （P〈0.05） and the liver coefficient increased significantly （P〈0.05）.The cadmium levels in blood,urine,liver,kidney and thighbone of the middle-and high-dose groups were higher than those of the control group （P〈0.05）.The red blood cell counts of the low-and middle-dose groups increased significantly （P〈0.05）.The level of hemoglobin of middle-and high-dose groups decreased （P〈0.05）,and the activity of alanine aminotransferase in high-dose groups increased significantly （P〈0.05）.Comparing with control group,the levels of urine α1-microglobulin and urine β2-microglobulin in urine of the middle-dose group were decreased （P〈0.05） and the level of urine urea nitrogen increased （P〈0.05）,but there were no significantly changes of the above three indexes in the high-dose group （P〉0.05）.There were no significant difference of the levels of N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase in urine between control and treatment groups （P〉0.05）.Simultaneously,in high-dose group,the weight of thighbone,the bone calcium content and bone mineral density reduced significantly than those of the control group （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Skeletal effects can be used as an early toxic effect sensitive index of short-term-repeated experiments exposure to cadmium chloride via oral perfusion in male rats.