企业工人社会心理因素对心理健康影响结构方程模型分析

Effect of social psychological factors on the mental health among enterprise workers using structural equation modeling

目的采用结构方程模型,探讨企业工人心理健康与社会心理因素的关系。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,抽取1 200名企业一线生产工人为研究对象,采用中文版《WHO-5幸福感指数量表》和自行设计的基于工作需求-自主模型的《社会心理因素调查问卷》对其心理健康和社会心理因素进行调查,构建社会心理因素对心理健康的结构方程模型。结果 1 200名企业工人中,低水平心理健康检出率为34.8%。工作需求和工作自主度对工作压力均存在直接效应[标准化路径系数(β)分别为0.162和-0.186,P<0.05)。工作需求、工作自主度和工作压力均对心理健康存在直接效应(β分别为-0.136、0.235和-0.135,P<0.05);工作需求可通过工作压力对心理健康产生间接效应(β=-0.022,P<0.05),工作自主度可通过工作压力对心理健康产生间接效应(β=0.025,P<0.05)。结论工人心理健康的社会心理工作相关因素结果与工作需求控制模型一致,工作需求和工作压力是心理健康的危险因素,而工作自主度是心理健康的保护因素,应针对相关因素制定全面的心理健康干预措施。

Objective Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationship between mental health and social psychological factors.Methods Using multi-stage sampling method,1 200 first-line production workers working in enterprises were chosen as study subjects.Chinese version of the WHO-5 well-being Index,and Social Psychological Factors Questionnaire （a self-designed questionnaire based on job demands control model） were used to investigate the mental health and social psychological factors.The structural equation modeling of social psychological factors on mental health was constructed.Results Among the 1 200 workers,about 34.8% workers had poor psychological well-being （the score of the WHO-5 well-being Index is equal or less than 13）.Job demands and job autonomy were available and have direct effect on work-related pressure [standardized path coefficient （β） were 0.162 and-0.186,P〈0.05].Job demands,job autonomy and work-related pressure were available have direct effect on mental health （β were-0.136,0.235 and-0.135,P〈0.05）.Job demands can have an indirect effect on mental health through work-related pressure （β=-0.022,P〈0.05）,and job autonomy can have an indirect effect on mental health through work-related pressure （β=0.025,P〈0.05）.Conclusion The results of mental health and social psychological factors are consistent with the job demand control model.Job demands and work-related pressure are risk factors and job autonomy is a protective factor for mental health.Mental health intervention should be taken according to the related factors.