流感病毒灭活疫苗可溶性微针制备及评价

Dissolving microneedles patches for whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine

目的初步研究负载流感全病毒灭活疫苗可溶性微针体外评价方法和经皮免疫效果。方法将流感全病毒灭活疫苗溶液与微针基质材料混匀干燥后复溶,体外血凝试验检测疫苗血凝素活性,透射电镜和动态光散射分析疫苗微针复溶后流感全病毒疫苗变化情况;选择筛选的材料羧甲基纤维素和硫酸软骨素作为主要基质与疫苗混匀制备微针溶液,滴加到微针制作模具上,抽真空使疫苗基质溶液填充针体,室温干燥、脱模,贴于猪皮肤检测微针硬度,将Cy7标记流感疫苗可溶性微针贴于小鼠腹部后活体成像检测流感疫苗皮内存留时间,动物免疫试验第2次免疫后14 d检测血抑效价。结果通过血凝试验筛选出硫酸软骨素和羧甲基纤维素为主要基质,贴片疫苗血凝活性为96%和86%,显著高于其它3种材料贴片疫苗活性;透射电镜显示PBS对照组中流感灭活病毒颗粒多呈单个散在分布,罕见聚团,2种贴片复溶后流感灭活病毒多呈聚团,罕见单个病毒颗粒;动态光散射分析显示疫苗贴片复溶后病毒颗粒粒径明显增大,高于对照组中病毒粒径;皮肤组织病理显示2种疫苗微针均可刺穿猪皮肤;活体成像显示疫苗微针刺穿小鼠皮肤并溶解于皮内,疫苗存留时间较肌肉长;Balb/c小鼠免疫后分离血清,血凝抑制试验显示2种微针均产生血抑效价且硫酸软骨素微针血抑效价高于羧甲基纤维素微针。结论可溶性疫苗微针可刺穿皮肤溶于皮内产生免疫应答,为微针疫苗的研究提供了思路。

This study was performed to evaluate the immune efficacy of influenza vaccination dissolving microneedles. We applied exeipients liquid and inactivated influenza virus to the mold surface and administered vacuum to pull the solution into the microneedles mold and form the microneedles. After drying, the patches was incubated in PBS to determine hemagglutinin （HA） titers. The morphological integrity of the virus particles were examined by transmission electron microscopy, and particle size distribution was determined by similarly dissolving virus solution from the patches dynamic light scattering. The and analyzing by residence time of influenza vaccine was examined by imaging in vivo. Serum samples were collected 2 weeks after vaccination for serological analysis. Serum samples were analyzed for hemagglutination inhibition （HI） activity. The results showed that the dissolving microneedles of influenza vaccine were able to be inserted into porcine skin with gentle force applied by the thumb and induce efficacy immune response.