乳腺癌患者的心理状况及其心理干预

Psychological intervention and psychological characters of breast cancer patients in China

目的随着预防和检测方法的改进及医疗的不断进步,乳腺癌的生存期已明显提高,对乳腺癌患者的心理状态及生活质量的研究也逐渐受到关注。本研究对目前我国乳腺癌患者心理状况及心理干预相关的研究进行阐述,了解乳腺癌患者发病的心理方面原因及患病后的心理状况,分析总结主要心理干预方法及干预效果,为指导下一步的临床工作提供参考。方法应用中国知网、维普、万方和PubMed检索系统,以"乳腺癌(breast cancer)、心理(psychology)、抑郁(depression)和焦虑(anxiety)"为关键词,检索2000-01-2017-01的相关文献。共检索到中文文献52篇,英文文献153篇。纳入标准:(1)乳腺癌患者的心理特质;(2)乳腺癌患者的心理干预;(3)乳腺癌患者心理干预的效果。根据纳入标准,进一步筛选并分析文献39篇。结果乳腺癌患者发病有一定心理方面的原因,与患者个性特征、不良情绪和家庭关系等密切相关。发病后随着诊断、治疗的不断推进,患者的心理状况也随之起伏多变。通过对乳腺癌患者进行心理干预,可以很好地改善患者的心理状态,取得较好的干预效果。结论乳腺癌患者的心理障碍贯穿于疾病的诊断与治疗过程中,了解患者的心理状况并对其进行心理干预,有助于患者的临床治疗与康复。

OBJECTIVE With the improvement of prevention and detection methods as well as the continuous improvement of medical treatment,the survival time of breast cancer has been significantly improved,the researches on the psychological status and the quality of life of breast cancer patients have been increasingly concerned.This study was to generalize the recent investigations in China on breast cancer patients＇ psychological characters and psychological intervention,to find out the psychological reasons of breast cancer and psychological characteristics after diagnosis,to analyze the main psychological intervention methods and intervention results and give some guides for further clinical work.METHODS Totally 52 Chinese articles and 153 English articles were searched by＂breast cancer,psychology,depression,anxiety＂as Keywords in CNKI datebases,Wan Fang Date,VIP Paper Check System and Pubmed from Jan 2000 to Jan 2014.Thirty-nine papers were selected and analyzed according to the inclusion criteria as follows：（1）the psychological characteristics of patients with breast cancer,（2）the psychological intervention of breast cancer patients,（3）the effect of psychological intervention on breast cancer patients.RESULTS Breast cancer is a disease which relates to psychological disorders and seriously threatens the psychological and physical health of females.And the patient＇s personality characteristics,negative emotions and family relationships are closely related to the breast cancer.With the continuous progress of treatment after the onset of disease,the psychological status of patients will be fluctuated.The psychological intervention on breast cancer patients can improve the psychological state of patients and get better intervention effect.CONCLUSIONS The psychological disorders of breast cancer patients exist in the process of diagnosis and treatment of the disease,it is beneficial to the clinical treatment and rehabilitation to understand the psychological status and do some psychological intervention.