基于计划行为理论的湿地生态系统服务支付意愿及影响因素分析

Analysis of willingness to pay for ecosystem services and influence factors based on the TPB

生态系统服务价值评估是环境管理政策制定的决策基础。选择实验法通过个体支付意愿对非市场物品进行价值评估,其有效性和可靠性是学者们非常重视的问题。本文以三江平原湿地为例,构建基于计划行为理论的湿地生态系统服务支付意愿评估方法,探讨受访者对湿地生态系统服务功能支付意愿潜在动机,提高仅包含社会经济信息参数的传统选择实验(Choice Experiments,CE)研究结果的可靠性及科学性。通过对湿地生态系统服务效用函数选取不同的多项Logit模型进行拟合,实证分析了受访者对湿地面积、生物多样性、水源涵养和自然景观等四个生态系统服务属性的支付意愿及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)居民对于湿地生态系统服务功能偏好由高到低分别为水源涵养、湿地面积、自然景观和生物多样性;(2)模型检验结果表明,引入行为态度、主观规范以及知觉行为控制变量后的多项Logit模型拟合程度表现更优,能更好地解释受访者的选择行为;(3)各生态系统服务功能属性的边际价格分别为:为了在未来实现三江平原生态系统服务功能各指标预设目标,为改善水源涵养意愿支付的成本为98.92元/(人·a);为维持现有湿地面积意愿支付的成本为58.90/(人·a);为改善自然景观意愿支付成本为54.09元/(人·a);为提高生物多样性意愿支付的成本为46.06元/(人·a)。

Ecosystem service assessment is the basis of decision making for environmental management policy. The validity and reliability of the Choice Experiment method for evaluating non-market items by acquiring individual＇s payment will be a very important issue for scholars. Taking the Sanjiang Plain Wetland as an example, we built a method to evaluate willingness to pay for wetland ecosystem services based on the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore potential motives for willing to pay for wetland ecosystem services. This method improves the reliability and scientificity of traditional Choice Experiments which only contain socioeconomic information parameters. By fitting multi-Logit models chosen according to the utility function of wetland ecosystem services, we empirically analyzed respondent willingness to pay for wetland ecosystem services and influence factors. The wetland ecosystem service function is mainly reflected by the four ecosystem service properties： wetland area, biodiversity, water conservation and natural landscape. We found that residents＇ preferences for wetland ecosystem services from high to low respectively are water conservation, wetland area, natural landscape and biodiversity. Model test results show that fitting the multi-logit model introduces behavioral attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavior as control variables is better and explains the choices of consumer payments. The marginal prices of ecosystem service function properties are prefixed targets in order to realize Sanjiang Plain Wetlands ecosystem service function in the future： willingness to pay for improving water conservation 98.92 CNY; the willingness to pay for maintaining the existing wetland area is 58.90 CNY; the willingness to pay to improve the natural landscape is 54.09 CNY; and the willingness to pay to improve the biodiversity is 46.06 CNY.