协商式CVM在资源非使用价值评估中的应用研究——以内蒙古达赉湖自然保护区为例

Application of the deliberation contingent valuation method to the non-use value of resources in the Dalai Lake Protected Area

资源环境价值的货币评估有利于更精确地解释政策的环境成本和收益。但是条件价值法作为资源环境非使用价值评估的主要方法之一,在发展中国家应用中遇到了诸多挑战。本文以内蒙古达赉湖自然保护区为例,把协商干预尝试性的加入到条件价值法中,目的是:(1)检验协商干预是否能够引出更深层次的价值;(2)协商干预是否会使被调查者赋予资源环境不同的价值。结果表明:(1)被调查者对保护区资源初始支付意愿是68.55元,协商干预后被调查者的平均支付意愿为182.58元,支付意愿提高了62.5%;(2)以小组为基础的协商干预可促进被调查者取得更好的学习结果,包括:更加理解生态文化关系、更加明确深层次价值、更加清楚人类行为产生的影响等;(3)以小组为基础的协商干预可以克服在发展中国家资源环境价值评估中存在的很多实践困难。鉴于学习对于评估结果的影响,在发展中国家复杂公共物品的评估中应更多的加入协商干预,更有利于成功的挖掘环境资源深层次的价值,并且能够促使政策制定过程中更大程度地考虑人类生活对于自然环境资源的依赖。

Monetary valuation of environments and resources contributes to quantifying their value, enables more accurate accounting of environmental costs and bene fi ts of policies, promotes resource and environmental assets into the national economic accounting system, and accelerates the construction of ecological civilization. In developing countries, there are particular methodological and epistemological challenges that require novel valuation methodologies. The Contingent Valuation Method （CVM）is the main method to evaluate the non-use value of resources and environments, but there are many biases in CVM such as information bias, hypothetical bias and protest bias. We integrated deliberation interventions into CVM across the Dalai Lake Protected Area to determine if deliberative interventions could elicit deeper held values and influence preferences, and determine whether deliberative interventions enable participants to express different values. We found that the initial willingness to pay for the Dalai Lake Protected Area was 68.55 CNY~ following deliberative intervention the willingness to pay increased by 62.5%. The group-based deliberative approach combined with participatory interventions, resulted in signi fi cant learning for participants. This included a more sophisticated view of ecological- cultural linkages, greater recognition of deeper held values, and greater awareness of the consequences of human actions for the environment. The use of a group-based participatory approach helped to overcome many of the practical diffi curies associated with valuation in developing countries. Given the impact of learning on valuation outcomes, participation and deliberation should be integrated into valuation of any complex good in developing economies, which helps to assess deeper held values and ensure policies take into account the extent to which human life is dependent on resources and environments.