北京地面沉降与地下水开采时空演变对比

Contrastive analysis of spatial-temporal evolution between land subsidence and groundwater exploitation in Beijing

区域地面沉降是世界上很多城市都要面对的一种"城市病"。地下水过量开采是这一问题最普遍的原因,北京也因此出现了严重的地面沉降问题。为了全面认识地下水开采格局变化下的地面沉降发育分布的新特点,推动实现《北京地面沉降防治规划(2013-2020年)》中的"控沉目标",对北京市从解放初期至今60多年间的地下水开采和地面沉降演变进行了时间和空间上的定性定量对比分析。结果表明:地面沉降的形成发展阶段与地下水开发利用阶段高度吻合;地面沉降中心区与地下水位降落漏斗区的时空变化高度相关;随着地下水开采深度整体上向地表以下更深层发展,主沉降层逐渐向深部(100m以下)地层转移,为地面沉降防控决策制定提供了依据。

Regional land subsidence is one of the city diseases which many cities in the world must be facing.Excessive exploitation of groundwater is the most common reason for urban land subsidence.Land subsidence is particularly significant due to groundwater exploitation in Beijing.Based on a method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis,a contrastive analysis of spatial-temporal evolution between land subsidence and groundwater exploitation during 60 years was carried out in the paper in order to understand the new characteristics of land subsidence distribution with new conditions of groundwater exploitation and promote implementation of Beijing Land Subsidence Control Program （2013-2020）.The results showed that it was quite consistent in the temporal patterns of formation and development between land subsidence and groundwater exploitation;the spatial-temporal distribution of land subsidence center area was highly correlated with the changes of groundwater depression cone;the primary subsidence layers gradually shifted to deeper formation （with depth more than 100 m） along with the increase of the mining depth of groundwater.These findings will provide the basis for decision-making of land subsidence control.