法律重复现象检视——从检察官法与法官法的对比展开

Legal Duplications:Comparative Analysis of Prosecutors Law and Judges Law of P.R.C.

立法法的修改有益解决地方性法律对全国性法律的重复问题。但是,就最高立法机构所颁布的(狭义)法律而言,法律重复现象依然存在。法律重复可分为两类,即法律的整体重复和法律的条文重复。检察官法和法官法的"双胞胎"现象属于典型的法律整体重复,相同法条在不同法律中的穿越和非宪法性法律对法律权利和守法义务的宣誓则属于法律的条文重复。须予以正视的是,法律重复会带来多方面的消极影响;其产生的表象原因在于立法技术的粗陋,根本原因则在于不合理的立法惯例、特定的法律或权力观念。检察官法和法官法的双胞胎现象有必要引起最高立法机关的重视。基于立法的统整性原则,两法的合并实有必要。

The new amendment of Legislation Law of P.R.C. aimed to avoid legal duplications of local laws from national laws. There are legal duplications even in the laws enacted by the highest legislature. Legal duplications could either happen in an entire law or in some particular articles. The twin-laws of Prosecutors Law and Judges Law of P.R.C. represent the former while same articles in different laws and the declaratory articles of constitutional rights and obligations in non-constitutional laws represent the latter. The complicated negative effects of legal duplications should be taken seriously. The obvious reason of legal duplications lies in poor legislative skills. However, the more fundamental reasons would be improper legislative converntion, locked perceptions on law and power, and the absence of neutrality principle in the legislative process.