高层建筑物火灾危险性分析方法的选择与应用

Selection and Application of Fire Risk Analysis Method for High-rise Building

从方法的类别、评价目标、特点、优缺点以及适用范围等几个方面对目前采用较多的各种火灾危险性分析方法进行比较,总结归纳出每种分析方法的优缺点及其适用范围,并根据高层建筑物火灾的特性以及火灾危险性分析方法的选取原则,选用定量计算与定性分析相结合的方法对高层建筑物火灾危险性进行分析。首先利用层次分析法对高层建筑物火灾危险性所有评价指标的权重进行计算,得到权重值相对较高的评价指标,分别是火灾荷载、防火分区、安全管理制度、火灾自动报警系统、安全制度落实情况;然后利用预先危险性分析方法,从危险有害因素、事故触发条件、事故可能造成的后果、危险等级、事故预防措施这几个方面对以上权重值较高的评价指标进行详细分析。

This paper compares the widely used methods of fire risk analysis from such aspects as categories,evaluation targets characteristics,advantages and disadvantages,and the application scope.According to the characteristics of high-rise building fires and election principles of fire risk analysis methods,the paper combines the quantitative calculation with qualitative analysis method to analyze the fire risk in highrise buildings.Firstly the paper uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）method to calculate the weight of all the evaluation indexes for the fire risk analysis,among which indexes with relatively high weight are fire load,fire partition,safety management system,automatic fire alarm system and security system implementation.Then the paper analyzes in detail these indexes from several aspects of hazard factors,trigger condition,potential consequence,hazard levels and prevention measures of accidents by using the method of Preliminary Hazard Analysis（PHA）.