论以戏剧入词

Influence of Drama on Ci Poetry of Song Dynasty

在宋代,词与戏剧之间呈现出相资为用、彼此借镜的共生关系。目前的研究关注宋词对于戏剧艺术的深远影响,然而回归历史情境可知,宋代戏剧艺术的勃兴亦唤起了词人们的参与热情,积极投身于戏剧的观赏、创作与评议。当他们回归词的书写领域,戏剧元素便自然渗透于字里行间。戏剧各具异彩的角色、生动的演出、经典的故事等丰富了词的创作素材,新颖的戏剧体式启发了词在谋篇布局方面的新变,戏剧笑闹讥刺、寓讽于谐的精神开拓了词的境界。因此,"以戏剧入词"从内容、形式和精神三方面为词体注入了新鲜因子,形成了别具风味的词之新境。

In the Song Dynasty, the ci poetry and the drama influenced each other, forming a symbiotic relationship. The previous studies mainly focused on the far reaching effect of the ci poetry on the drama. However, a more careful examination of the historical context shows that the boom in dramatic arts also aroused writers of ci poetry so much so that they took an active part in appreciating, creating and studying dramas. When they returned to the field of ci poetry, elements of dramas naturally penetrated into their ci poems, which were thus enriched with the brilliant characters, vivid performances and the classical stories from the dramas. Furthermore, the novel generic format of dramas caused corresponding changes in the textual structure of the ci poems and broadened their artistic function by incorporating the sarcastic, allegorical and humorous elements featuring the drama. Therefore, the ci poetry took on a new aspect after absorbing the elements from the drama in terms of content, form and spirit.