焦循“以《易》释《孟》”的实践及其方法考察

Jiao Xun's Interpretation of The Mencius through Book of Changes:Focusing on His Practice and Method

焦循认为《周易》相比于《孟子》,具有哲学和历史的双重权威性。《孟子正义》"以《易》释《孟》",用"通变"观对以"辟异端"、"道统"、"性善"等为代表的孟学关键命题进行了新的诠释,以此为基础,从"因"、"用"、"规矩"等维度构建起新的孟子学。"以《易》释《孟》"是经学注疏中"经典互证"方法的代表,这种方法在保证经学文献体系不变的情况下,通过内部整合,丰富了经典的意义结构,发展了儒家的哲学思维。

Jiao Xun firmly believed that Book of Changes was superior to The Mencius both philosophically anti historically. His book Mengzi zhengyi 孟子正义 （ literally Mencius ： A Correct Interpretation ） gave a new interpretation of such key Mencius notions as bi yiduan 辟异端（ avoidance of false theories ）, daotong 道统（ the orthodoxy ）, andxingshan 性善 （ original goodness of human nature ）. On this basis, he started a new type of studies on Mencius through the angles of ＂having causes＂, ＂being applicable＂ and ＂abiding by the orthodox norms＂. Jiao＇s interpretation of The Mencius is a typical example of the common practice of understanding one Confucian classic by referring to others in traditional Chinese classical studies. Through internal adjustment and integration under the condition of keeping intact the system of the ancient Chinese classics, this method has enriched the meaning structure of those classics and enhanced the Confucian philosophy.