生物熏蒸对大棚连作茄子产量和黄萎病发病率影响

Effect of biofumigation on yield and verticillium wilt incidence of continuous eggplant in greenhouse

多年茄子连作种植方式可致病害日益严重,其中茄子黄萎病为常见严重土传病害,造成产量和品质下降。选取多年茄子连作大棚,采用四种芸薹属蔬菜作为土壤生物熏蒸材料,研究其对茄子产量和黄萎病防控效果。结果表明,BFN2处理产量最高,较CN处理增产35.4%,发病率、病情指数、防控效果分别为30.8%、10.4和65.8%,显著优于CN处理。BFN1和BFN2处理大丽花轮枝菌数量在熏蒸后较CN处理显著降低。生物熏蒸后土壤pH、有机质、速效磷含量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均显著升高。生物熏蒸可显著提高茄子产量,改善土壤理化性质,抑制茄子黄萎病发生。

Eggplant disease in greenhouse was becoming increasingly serious, due to continuous cropping, eggplant verticillium wilt was one of the most common and seriously soil-borne disease, which lead to eggplant yield and quality reduced. In this experiment, four types of Brassica vegetables were used as fumigation materials in continuous eggplant cropping greenhouse to study their effects on eggplant yield and verticillium wilt incidence rate. Experiment results showed that the yield of BFN2 treatment was the highest, and increased by 35.4% compared with CN treatment. The effect of BFN1 and BFN2 treatments on eggplant morbidity, disease index, disease prevention was 30.8%, 10.4 and 65.8%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of CN treatment. After fumigation the amount of Verticillium dahliae in BFN1 treatment and BFN2 treatment was significantly lower than thatof CN treatments. Soil pH, total organic matter, Olsen-P content, urease activities and invertase activities were significantly improved after biofumigation. Biological fumigation could significan- tly increase yield of eggplant, improve soil physical and chemical properties and has certain inhibiting effect on eggplant verticillium wilt.