脂滴发育中代谢相关的结构蛋白研究进展

Research Progress on Metabolic Related Structural Proteins in Lipid Droplet Development

一般认为脂滴是脂肪细胞中甘油三酯的贮存器,但近来研究发现细胞中脂肪的运输贮存与动员分解都是以脂滴为核心完成的,种种现象揭示了脂滴在细胞内并不仅仅是一个简单的能量贮存器,而更多地扮演着一个多功能细胞器的角色。通过对脂滴结构进行分析发现,脂滴以中性脂肪为核心,表面覆盖单层磷脂结构并镶嵌多种功能蛋白,即脂滴相关蛋白。脂滴相关蛋白以不同形式协同脂滴参与调控脂代谢、膜转运及信号转导等多个生理过程。根据蛋白承载功能的不同,可大致将其分为三大类:脂滴结构蛋白、脂滴代谢相关蛋白与脂滴转运蛋白。其中,结构蛋白如PAT家族蛋白、CIDE家族蛋白等在脂滴发育代谢的调控与信息传递介导中发挥着重要作用,此外,还有激素敏感脂肪酶、脂肪甘油三酯水解酶与Rab蛋白等代谢与转运蛋白通过不同形式参与脂滴发育。目前,脂滴相关蛋白新种类与具体作用机制仍在不断探索中。作者就细胞中脂滴与脂代谢及脂滴相关蛋白的研究进展做一综述。

Generally, lipid droplets are storage of triglycerides in adipocytes, but recent resear- ches indicate that the transport, storage and steatolysis mobilization of fat in the cells are all based on lipid droplets, various phenomena reveal that lipid droplets is not only a simple energy storage in cells, but also more of a multifunctional organelle. By analyzing the structure of lipid droplets, it has been found that with neutral fat as the core, lipid droplets are covered with single phospholipid and embedded with a variety of functional proteins, which are referred as lipid drop- lets associated proteins. Lipid droplets associated protein correlated with lipid droplets are in- volved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction and other physiological processes in different forms. It can be divided into three categories according to the different bearing capacity of proteins, including lipid droplet structural protein, lipid droplet as- sociated protein and lipid transport protein. Among them, structural proteins, such as proteins in the PAT family and CIDE family proteins, play important roles in the regulation of lipid droplet growth and metabolism. In addition, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase and Rab protein, as well as other metabolism and transport proteins are suggested to be involved in lipid droplets development through different forms. At present, new types and mechanisms of lipid drop ets related p of lipid droplets, Key words, adipo roteins are still being explored. This review is to address the research progress lipid metabolism and lipid droplets related proteins in cells.