论阿吉拉姆戏剧艺术的象征手法与类型技法

Research into the Symbolic and Format Techniques of A-Ice Lha-mo

阿吉拉姆戏剧是藏族传统戏剧最具代表性的剧种之一,也是藏族传统表演艺术最具代表性的体裁之一。阿吉拉姆戏剧的形成受到了苯教祭祀仪式、佛教恰姆乐舞、民间说唱艺术、民间歌舞艺术等多种古老的宗教艺术和民间艺术的影响,并历经孕育、成形、发展、完善的漫长过程。其中,早期发展相对较慢,后期发展相对较快,尤其到了15世纪,由于汤东杰布的整合、发展、推广,阿吉拉姆戏剧得到了长足发展。到了近代,阿吉拉姆戏剧已经形成了由"顿""雄""扎西",即开场、正戏、结尾三大部分组成的完整表演程式,达到了很高的艺术层次,是藏族传统表演艺术中最具水准的艺术形式之一。文章就阿吉拉姆戏剧艺术的象征手法与类型技法作了分析和论述。

A-lce Lha-mo is one of the most representative types of traditional Tibetan opera forms and performing arts. The formation of it had been through the gestation, shaping, development and consummation which had been influenced by many kind of old religious arts and folk arts, such as the ritual dance of the Bon religion, Cham dance of the Tibetan Buddhism, folk telling and singing arts, folk songs and dances. A-Ice Lha-mo devel- oped slowly in the early period but faster in the late period. Particularly in the 15th century, because of being in- tegrated, improved and popularized by Thang- stong Rgal-po, A-Ice Lha-mo had achieved sustainable develop- ment. In early modern times, A-lce Lha-mo had already become one of the traditional performances with very high artistic level in Tibet as it had a complete performing program that was composed of three parts--beginning, formal performance and ending--named Vdon, Gzhong, Bkra-shis in Tibetan. This article analyzes and discuss- es the symbolic and format techniques of A-Ice Lha-mo.