大数据的现状、机遇与挑战

Big data of current state, opportunity and challenge

大数据的数据量非常巨大,以至传统数据储存和计算等技术无法有效地进行数据处理,且产生和变化的速度快、种类繁杂,数据的真实性也有很大的不确定性。在医疗数字化的过程中,医院成了大数据产生的重要来源,病历、影像、远程医疗等都会产生大量的数据。对医疗卫生行业而言,大数据正在传统的商业智能和临床决策支持系统的基础上,延伸至人们将医疗网络产生的大数据应用到循证医疗中,从而助力精准医疗、健康管理和智慧医疗,甚至生物样本库的建立和应用中。本文主要阐述现阶段大数据的组成与特征,大数据分析处理的框架和方法,同时分析医疗大数据的发展机遇和应用中面临的挑战。

Big data refers to the data sets that have become so large and/or complex that traditional data technology is inadequate to process them effectively. Big data has large volume; changes quickly; has great variety; and has a good deal of uncertainty in its veracity. During the digitization of healthcare, hospitals become important sources of big data. Large volume of data is created from medical records, medical images, and distance medicine. For healthcare industry, big data analytics are evolving beyond traditional business intelligence and clinical decision support systems. It utilizes the vast amount of data gathered from healthcare networks for evidence-based medicine, propels precision medicine, health management, disease prevention, even the establishment and application of biobanks. This paper summarizes the current composition, characteristics, and trend of big data. It introduces the framework, tools, and methods for big data analytics.