美国地热集中供暖发展阻碍因素分析及对我国地热产业的启示

Barriers to the Development of Geothermal District Heating in the U.S. and Its Enlightenment to China′s Geothermal Industry

中央将北方地区冬季清洁取暖确立为重大民心工程与民生工程,地热供暖迎来重要发展机遇,利用地热进行供暖将成为我国冬季雾霾问题的重要解决方案之一。通过调研发现,美国的地热集中供暖相对于其较为发达的地热发电与热泵产业,发展相对滞后。美国地热集中供暖产业发展缓慢的主要原因是缺乏政府统一规划布局以及相关政策的支持,法律与监管手续复杂,资源评价工作缺失,工程设计与运营经验不足,初期投资成本较高,政府与民众对于地热缺乏基本认知等。地热产业具有鲜明的政府主导与政策引领特点,尤其在产业发展初期,资源评价、产业规划布局、科技攻关、财税政策、监管措施等方面均需政府稳步推进。与美国类似,我国地热集中供暖发展亦存在诸多制约。因此,建议我国地热产业发展应以需求为导向,抓紧通过立法对地热资源属性进行界定,以促进地热供暖大规模开发利用为目的积极开展全国地热资源调查评价,同时要加大监管力度,保障地热集中供暖产业有序发展。

Clean heating during the winter in the north of China has been recognized as a significant popular aspiration and livelihood project,so geothermal heating is now facing important opportunities for development and will become an important solution to the smog problem in the heating seasons in China.h is found that the development of geothermal district heating in the U.S. has fallen behind its more developed geothermal power generation and heat pump industries.The main barriers to the development of geothermal district heating in the U.S. include the lack of unified planning and layout and related policy support by the government,the complicated legal and regulatory procedures ,the lack of resource evaluation,the lack of experience in engineering design and operation,the high initial cost and the lack of basic understanding of geothermal energy by the government and the public.The geothermal industry has distinctive characteristics of government leading and policy guidance, especially in the early stage of its development,the resource evaluation, industrial planning and layout ed steadily by the ,scientific research ,finance and taxation policy and regulatory measures are to be promot- government.Similar to the U.S. ,there are many barriers to the development of geothermal district heating in China.Therefore,it is suggested that the development of China＇s geothermal industry should be demand-oriented ,the attribute of geothermal resources should be clearly defined by legislation as soon as possible ,a national geothermal resource survey and evaluation should be carried out with the purpose of promoting the large-scale development and utilization of geothermal heating,and the supervision by the govern- ment should be strengthened to protect the orderly development of geothermal district heating industry.