中国古代意象特征体系建构论

The Construction of Ancient Chinese Yi-Xiang Characteristic System Theory

意象是中国古代文论的核心范畴之一。中国古代意象具有直观性、形上性、结构性三个重要特征,三者构成一个完整的体系。直观性表现为读者"皎然在目"的欣赏直观与作者"应目会心"的创构直观。形上性表现为作品超越性的"哲学意义"与作者对人生、历史、宇宙的形上思考。整体性表现为意象是由言、象、意三个层面契合成一体,并且每一层面都是有内有外、有显有隐的结构体。这三个特征的产生有着深厚的哲学基础,它们根植于意象的哲学源头《周易》《老子》《庄子》中的象论。正因为意象的这三个特征,古代文论从意象论发展为意境论有着必然性,这也揭示了中西意象之间的重要差异。

The theme of ＂Yi- Xiang＂ is one of the core categories of ancient literary theory. Ancient Chi- nese ＂Yi -Xiang＂ has three important characteristics： intuitive features, metaphysical characteristics and integrity , which constitute a complete system. Intuitive features interpreted as reader＇ s straightforward in front of eyes appreciation intuition and author＇ s reading - understanding transition creation intuition. Metaphysical characteristics includes the transcendence of the work ＇ s philosophical meaning and author＇ s metaphysical thinking of life, history and universe. Integrity meaning that ＂Yi - Xiang＂ is made up of words, image, and meaning these three levels and in each level there are internal and external as well as show and hide layers. These three characteritics have a deep philosophical foundation , they were all rooted in the image of Zhouyi, Laozi, Zhuangzi which referred as the sources of Chinese philosophy. Because of these three characteristics of Yi - Xiang, the development of ancient literary theory from the theory of Yi - Xiang to the theory of Yi - Jing became inevitable, which also reveals the salient differences between Chinese Yi -Xiang and Western images.