相对语言规则:生成性的必要基石之一

On Relative Language Rules:One of the Necessary Cornerstone of Generativeness

语言存在解释规则与生成规则,忽视语言中的生成规则是认知语法否认语言规则存在的主要原因。生成语法过分强调普遍规则而导致大量相对性规则得不到解释,认知语法强调语言行为的相对性但未从相对性条件中充分认识规则。相对语言规则是广泛存在的,即人类有一部分语言活动既是相对不同民族语言有效的,也是有规则的。相对语言规则在语言接触及语言习得中可以广泛观察到,这说明对一种语言规则的分析应该充分考虑到该语言的历史及文化背景。语言研究不应该否认规则的存在,而是要寻找建立规则的条件。

Language contains interpretation rules and generative rules.Overlooking the generative rules in language is the main reason why cognitive grammar denies the existence of language rules.Generative grammar overemphasizes the universal rules,thus causing the failure to explain a large number of relativity rules.Though cognitive grammar emphasizes the relativity of language behavior,it fails to be fully aware of the rules from the relative conditions.In fact,relative language rules are widespread,that is,parts of the human language activities are not only relatively effective in different ethnical languages,but also of regularity.Relative language rules can be widely observed in language contact and language acquisition,which suggests that the analysis of a language rule should take full account of its historical and cultural background.In language research,we should not deny the existence of rules,but try to find the conditions for the establishment of rules.