《黄帝内经》中情志词的范畴化问题研究

On the Categorization of the Emotional Words in Yellow Emperor Bible

本文把功能句法观和认知语义观作为理论基础,采用内省和实证相结合的研究方法,探讨了《黄帝内经》中基本情志词的范畴化问题,基本情志词的上位等级范畴应为数词+实体词(气、情、志)如"九气",可文章中也大量使用"喜怒"指代上位范畴。基本情志词的下位等级范畴或次范畴化的体现方式为性质形容词+基本情志词;基本情志词1+基本情志词2;基本情志词+近义词或近义词+基本情志词。在小句层,所有基本情志词均可动化作谓语。动化度自高到低的排列依次为"悲"、"怒"、"惊"、"恐"、"喜"、"思"和"忧"。在跨语义范畴方面,基本情志词被拟人化了。在同一家族内部具有同室操戈关系隐喻。位于不同家族的情志词含有互动的敌我关系隐喻和因果关系隐喻。

This paper uses the concept of functional syntax and cognitive semantics theory as its theoretical basis,by adopting the combination of introspection and empirical research methods.The paper discusses the categorization problems of the basic level category of emotional words in Yellow Emperor Bible.The superordinate level category of basic emotional words should be'numeral+ entity word'such as Nine Qi.But in the original version of the Yellow Emperor Bible,Xi and Nu(Happiness and Anger)are often used as the superordinate level category.The realization of subordinate level of the basic emotional words are qualitative adjective + basic emotional word;basic emotional word1+basic emotional word2;basic emotional word +its synonym,and vice versa.At the clause level all the basic emotional words could be verbalized as the predicate.The frequency of their appearance is Sadness(悲),Anger(怒),Terror(惊),Fright(恐),Happiness(喜),Thought(思)and Grief(忧).In the semantic transcategorization,basic emotional words are personified.Within the same family,there is the angel war metaphor.There is rivalrival metaphor among emotional words of the different families.There is also cause-effect relation metaphorical transference in the Bible.