试论金元全真高道辞世颂的史学价值和文学价值

Historical and Literary Value of Quanzhen Taoist Masters' Odes to Death

由于教主王重阳的刻意倡导,辞世颂的书写在金元时期成了全真教道士辞世的一大传统。这些辞世颂以其独特的宗教理念、宗教情怀和文学意象锻造了自身的教派文学标志,体现了道教史和道教文学史上的新变化。辞世颂的创作揭示了道教教义的新发展、反映了全真教对形神关系的新思考,全真教的文学书写成了道教建构信仰认同乃至教派认同的重要手段,其对文学表现手段的经营让金元全真教文学登上了道教文学史的巅峰。

Due to Wang Chongyang＇s intentional promotion, the writing of odes to death had become a great tradition of Quanzhen Daoists when they passed away. These poetries successfully contributed to build up this Taoist School＇s literary pattern by their unique religious thought, religious emotion and literary image. This illustrated a new transaction of Taoist history and Taoist literature history. The writing of odes to death has reflected a new development of traditional Taoist doctrine, a new contemplation of the relationship between spirit and body. This contributed to the common identity of religious belief and sect, and brought the Quanzhen Taoist literature in Jin and Yuan dynasties to the peak of Taoist literature history.