基于政策执行视角的德国足球发展审视及启示

Review and Enlightenment of German Football Development Based on Perspective of Policy Implementation

研究借鉴公共政策相关理论构建了政策执行过程分析框架,应用这一框架对德国足球的政策方案、政策执行机构、政策执行资源、政策目标群体等内容展开了分析,并得出结论:1)德国足球政策方案目标明确、配套政策完备,政策执行标准清晰、执行方案详细;2)政策执行机构与外部制度环境相适应,机构体系化明显;3)足球发展的经费充足,专业人才培养完备,政策科学性、权威性高;4)低票价政策效果显著,目标群体的响应度较高,营造了良好的足球氛围。基于以上结论,研究提出了德国足球政策执行的启示:1)以职业足球联赛为根本,加强对职业足球的政策宏观调控、完善政策配套;2)构建俱乐部青训和校园足球相互促进的协同发展机制;3)转变足协职能、建立职业足球联盟,整合足球政策执行体系;4)加强足球科研,提升足球人力资源建设,优化政策执行环境。

On the basis of the theory of public policy to build the policy implementation process analysis framework, appli- cation of this framework in German football policy scheme, policy implementation mechanism, policy implementation re- sources and policy target groups etc. are analyzed. The conclusions are drawn as follows ： 1 ） German football have the tar- geted policy plan, supporting policies completing, the policy implementation standards clear and detailed implementation plan;2） Policy implementation institutions and external institutional environment are adapt to the system of obvious ;3 ） The football development have adequate funding, professional training completing, and scientific and authoritative policy; 4） Low fare policy has significant effect, and target groups have high response degree, so as to create a good football at- mosphere. Based on the above conclusions, we put forward the enlightenments of German football policy implementation： by the professional football league as a fundamental, strengthening macro-control policy of professional football and impro- ving the supporting policies ; based on the football club, schools supplemented by constructing the mechanism of youth foot- ball development; changing the functions of Football Association, setting up professional football league and integrating football policy implementation system; strengthening football research, enhancing the construction of human resources prac- titioners and optimizing the implementation of environmental policies.