动作模式释义:定义、机制、分类、训练

Analysis of Movement Pattern:Definition,Mechanism,Classification and Training

主要采用文献资料法和专家访谈法,对动作模式的定义、机制、分类、训练4个问题进行剖析,发现:1)动作模式是人体为适应内外部刺激,多系统互相配合执行动作程序的过程;其内在本质是神经痕迹,外在表现是单个或多重单个动作。2)由神经系统、运动系统和其他系统的拮抗和协同形成的人体系统协调模式,和由动作要素的拮抗和协同形成的动作参量协调模式是动作模式的形成机制。3)为完成日常生活和活动表现而自然形成的基本功能动作模式,和为完成运动项目的特异需求所形成的运动专项动作模式是主要的两大类动作模式。4)突破"人""任务""环境"的限制是动作模式训练的本质;限制和释放自由度是动作模式训练的策略;而固定特征是动作质量训练的内容,变化特征是动作绩效训练的内容。

This paper analyses the definition, mechanism, classification and training of movement pattern by means of docu- mentary and expert interview. The authors find that： 1. Movement pattern is the process of multiple body systems coopera- ting with each other to perform a movement program, so as to adapt to internal and external stimulation. Its inherent nature is Neural Traces,and its appearance is a single or repeated single movements. 2. Human body system coordination model formed by the nervous system, sports system and other systems＇ antagonism and collaboration ; and the movement parame- ter coordination model formed by movement elements＇ antagonism and collaborative are Movement Pattern＇ s formation mechanism. 3. The basic function movement pattern formed naturally and aimed to complete the daily life and activities ; and the sport-specific movement pattern formed by the specific requirements of sports are two main kinds of movement pat- tern. 4. The essence of Movement Pattern Training is breaking through limits of people, task and environment;Limit and re- lease freedom are strategies of movement pattern training;Fixed characteristics are the content of action quality training, while variation characteristics are the content of action performance training.