肥水调控对冬小麦产量及籽粒蛋白质组分的影响

Effects of Fertilizer and Water Regulation on Yield and Grain Protein Components of Winter Wheat

为探明干旱处理与氮磷肥合用后小麦产量和养分积累及分配的变化,在盆栽条件下,以中麦8为试材,在设置3个氮磷肥施用量的基础上,每施肥处理下于开花期再利用称重法设置水分适宜(W1,SRWC=75%)、轻度亏水(W2,SRWC=60%)和重度亏水(W3,SRWC=45%)3个土壤水分水平,研究了肥水调控对冬小麦产量、养分积累及籽粒蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明,与花后土壤水分适宜相比,花后轻度亏水与重度亏水产量分别降低9.73%和15.55%,籽粒氮素积累量降低了3.41%和13.64%,醇溶蛋白含量降低了0.1%和1.1%,穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒磷素积累量、养分收获指数、氮素利用效率、清蛋白含量亦有不同程度的降低,但磷素利用效率、球蛋白含量及谷/醇比呈相反的趋势变化,其中,磷素利用效率以W3最高,达81.76 g·g^(-1),显著高于W1和W2。增施氮磷肥,穗数、千粒重降低,籽粒养分积累量及其蛋白质组分含量增加,但养分利用效率及氮素收获指数降低,其中,与F1(N 120kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_596 kg·hm^(-2))相比,F2(N 180 kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_5144 kg·hm^(-2))和F3(N 240 kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_5192 kg·hm^(-2))产量分别降低了7.23%和7.69%。土壤适度亏水,增施氮磷肥降低了产量、籽粒氮素分配比例及养分利用效率和氮素收获指数,籽粒蛋白质组分含量及谷/醇比提高;土壤重度亏水,增施氮磷肥降低了磷素利用效率、氮素收获指数和清蛋白含量及谷/醇比,提高了产量、籽粒磷素分配比例及球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量。本研究结果为小麦产量和品质领域研究奠定了一定的理论基础。

In order to investigate the effects of post-anthesis drought treatment and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on wheat yield and nutrient accumulation and distribution,winter wheat Zhongmai 8 was used in pot experiment to investigate the effects of fertilizer and water management on yield,nutrient accumulation and protein composition of grain. The results showed that compared with suitable water（ W1,SRWC = 75%） from anthesis to maturity,the grain yield treated with Moderate water deficit（ W2,SRWC = 60%） and severe water deficit（ W3,SRWC = 45%） decreased by 9. 73% and 15. 55% respectively,and nitrogen accumulation in grains decreased by 3. 41% and 13. 64%,while the contents of gliadin decreased by 0. 1% and 1. 1% respectively,Spike number,1000-grain weight,phosphorus accumulation in grains,nutrient harvest index,nitrogen use efficiency,albumin content were also reduced to different degrees,but the phosphorus utilization efficiency,globulin content and glutelin/gliadin ratio showed the opposite trend,the phosphorus utilization efficiency of W3 was the highest,reaching 81. 76 g·g^-1,which was significantly higher than those of W1 and W2 treatments. Increasing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer,spike number and 1000-grain weight decreased,grain nutrient accumulation amount and content of protein components increased,but the nutrient use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index decreased,of which compared with F1 treatment（ N 120 kg·hm^-2,P2O596 kg·hm^-2）,the grain yield of F2（ N 180 kg·hm^-2,P2O5144 kg·hm^-2） and F3（ N 240 kg·hm^-2,P2O5192 kg·hm^-2） treatment decreased by 7. 23% and 7. 69%,respectively. With moderate water deficit and the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer,the yield,grain nitrogen distribution ratio,nutrient use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index were decreased,while grain protein content and glutelin/gliadin ratio were increased; Severe water deficit,and increasing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can reduce the phosphorus use efficiency,nitrogen harvest index,the contents of albumin and the glutelin/gliadin ratio,increased grain yield,ratio of phosphorus distribution in grain and the contents of globulin and gliadin. This provides a certain foundation for the researches on the wheat yield and quality.