新疆维吾尔自治区变应性鼻炎患者吸入变应原谱变化分析

Changing analysis of allergic rhinitis inhalant allergen spectrum in Xinjiang region

目的 调查新疆维吾尔自治区变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）患者变应原的分布，并与既往变应原谱比较其变化。方法 应用20种标准化吸入变应原对新疆医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊拟诊为AR的480例患者进行皮肤点刺试验，与以往文献对比，分析近年来引起AR的主要变应原谱的变化。以SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果 480例患者中406例变应原皮肤点刺试验呈阳性反应，变应原阳性率从高到低依次为藜属（61.6%）、艾蒿（44.1%）、柳树（37.7%）、槭树（37.7%）、杨树（30.3%）、屋尘螨（30.3%）、车前草（29.8%）、刺槐（25.9%）、粉尘螨（25.4%）等。对单一变应原呈阳性反应的AR患者39例（9.6%），其中21例是螨类变应原。男女变应原阳性率分别为84.2%、85.1%，变应原分布在性别上没有差异（χ^2＝0.001，P＝0.978）。21-35岁患者变应原阳性率为88.6%，36-54岁患者变应原阳性率为78.4%，差异有统计学意义（χ^2＝0.258，P〈0.01）；哈萨克族变应原阳性率为91.7%，汉族、维吾尔族以及其他民族变应原阳性率分布为84.8%、86.4%、63.3%，差异有统计学意义（χ^2＝9.779，P＝0.044）。75.4%（306例）变应原阳性的AR患者合并哮喘。结论 新疆维吾尔自治区AR患者的变应原主要为藜属，较之既往报道的主要变应原为蒿属有差别，且哈萨克族变应原阳性率高于其他各族。

Objective To investigate the aeroallergen spectrum in allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang area and analyze its relating factors. Methods Skin prick test was carried out in 480 cases with allergic rhinitis using 20 inhaled allergens. The major change in recent years with allergic rhinitis and allergen distribution was compared. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results Among 480 cases, 406 showed positive reaction. The most common allergens found in patients were chenopodium （61.6%） and mngwort （44. 1% ）, followed by willow（37. 7% ）, maple（37.7% ）, poplar（30. 3% ）, house dust mite（30. 3% ）, plantain（29. 8% ）, aeaeia（25. 9% ）, dust mite maple（25.4% ）, and so on. The rate of positive reaction to only one allergen was 9. 6% , of which 21 were mite allergens. The positiverate to allergensin male and female were 84. 2% and 85.1% , the distribution of allergens in both sexes did not differ（χ^2=0. 001, P = 0. 978 ）. The positiverate to allergens in patients aged 21 to 35 years old was 88.6% , in patients aged 36 to 54 years old was 78.4% , the difference was statistically significant（χ^2= 0. 258, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The positive rate to allergens in Kazakhs was slightly higher than that in other ethnic groups （91.7%）. The positive rates to allergens in the Han, Uygur and other ethnic groups were 84. 8%, 86. 4% and 63.3% respectively, the difference was statistically significant （χ^2= 9. 779, P = 0. 044 ）. Seventy-five point four percent of all allergen-positive patients （306 cases） combined with asthma. Conclusions The major allergen with allergic rhinitis is chenopodium. Among them, Kazakh allergic positive rate is higher than other ethnic groups.