影戏在汴京的发祥与流传

The Origins and Spread of Paper Shadow and Leather Silhouette in Bianjing

影戏以及皮影,有确切记载的史料表明,诞生于花灯最繁盛、夜生活最丰富的北宋都城开封。新发现的史料显示,宋初开封影戏已在元宵节的坊市中演出,并引来宋太祖的观赏,将有确切记载的影戏历史提前了50余年。最早开封的影戏道具是用白纸雕制人物形象,很快升级到羊皮彩色道具。同时,影戏在开封形成一种独立的艺术形式,作为面目一新的市民文艺,开创了古典影视艺术的新时代,是京师综合文化和综合功能的又一成果。有众多专业的影戏班子活跃在开封舞台,并产生了戏迷。北宋灭亡后,汴京皮影传播到南北各地,得到普及与大发展。蒙、元时期影戏流传到波斯等地,18世纪传到欧洲,及至近代遂发展成电影。影戏是汴京对中华文明的贡献,是中华文明对世界的贡献。

There is a clear record of historical data that paper shadow and leather silhouette were born in Kaifeng during the Northern Song Dynasty. Kaifeng, the capital of Northern Song Dynasty, had the most prosperous lanterns and the richest nightlife at that time. New historical materials showed that the shadow puppetry had been performed on downtown streets on Lantern Festival in Kaifeng of early Song Dynasty and attracted Emperor Song Taizu＇s view. It made the precise history of shadow puppetry been moved up for more than 50 years. The earliest props of Kaifeng＇s shadow puppetry were carved charac- ters, which were made from white paper. Then the material of props were upgraded to colorful sheep- skin quickly. As a new civil literature, the shadow puppetry played an independent art form in Kaifeng at the same time. It created a new era of classical film and formed another achievement of the capital＇s comprehensive culture and comprehensive function. Many professional shadow puppetry teams were ac- tive on the stage of Kaifeng and the fans appeared as well. After the demise of the Northern Song Dy- nasty, Bianjing^s shadow puppetry spread throughout north and south and got universal development. Shadow puppetry spread to Persia and other places during Mongol-Yuan period. It also came to Europe in the eighteenth century and developed into film up to modern times. As Bianjing＇s contribution to Chi- nese civilization, shadow puppetry is also the contribution of Chinese civilization to the world.