日本如何有计划有步骤发动全面侵华战争

How Japan Planned to Invade China?

日本为什么在1937年7月发动全面侵华战争?是偶然还是必然?值得高度关注。分裂华北吞并中国、独霸远东,是日本的既定国策。自1935年起至1937年,日本三度拟定实施"北支明朗化"的处理要纲,三度制定对华全面战争意义上的年度作战计划;在之前和期间,拟定占领中国各地的计划。有了作战计划和占领计划,日本还需要准备和寻找时机。通过广田内阁到近卫内阁,日本到1937年6月上旬建立起发动全面侵华战争的"准战时体制"。同时,德国的崛起和《日德反共协定》的签订,使苏联被德国牵制住;意大利侵略埃塞俄比亚和西班牙内战,使英法等列强被牵制住而无暇顾及远东,日本动手的国际时机成熟。在此过程中,日本逼迫国民政府接受广田三原则,企图不战而亡中国;中国统一进程和抗战准备,使日本如坐针毡。按照既定的作战计划,在成熟的国际条件和国内战争准备下,驻屯军选择战略地点卢沟桥制造了事变。就这样,日本有计划有步骤寻找时机发动了全面侵华战争。

Why did Japan start its full-scale war of aggression against China in July 19377 Is it accidental or deliberate？ This is an issue worth high attention. In fact, to disrupt North China and swallow up the whole Country, and to monopolize the Far East, had been the fixed national policy of Japan. From 1935 to 1937, there were three times that Japan drew up the outline for separating North China from the Nanking Kuomintang Government, which had its annual war plan that specified the procedures to occupy all areas in China before and during this period. With the combat and occupying plan at hand, Japan was also waiting for the war excuse. During the time from the Hiroda Cabinet to the Konoe Cabinet, and in particular until June 1937, Japan had set up the ＂quasi-wartime system＂ to launch a full-scale war of aggression against China. Meanwhile, the abrupt rise of Germany and the signing of the German-Japanese Pact against Communism restrained USSR from atten- ding to the East^the Italian invasion of Ethiopia and the Spanish Civil War detained UK from considering the Far East. In such an international condition was the Japanese Aggression War against China mature. In this process, Japan forced the Kuomintang Government received the Three Principles of the Konoe Cabinet, which meant being defeated without fighting because the unification of China and the preparation for the Anti-Japanese War made Japan upset. It was in such a situation that the Japanese garrison at the Marco Polo Bridge at the suburb of Beijing found an excuse and formally launched the War.