社区建设中的社会组织作用研究——以上海为例

Functions of Social Organizations in Community Construction:The case of Shanghai

政府与社会关系的重构,使社会组织对社区治理的作用受到越来越多的关注和重视。和谐社区建设需要着力培育和发展社会组织,需要社会组织的全方位参与。社会组织是连结政府与社会的重要纽带,是重塑政府体制、社会体制、社区治理体制的关键。然而,我国社区社会组织普遍存在着培育不够、作用发挥不足等问题。如何加快社会组织发展,促进社会组织在社区治理中充分发挥作用成为了学术界讨论的热点和各个地方社区建设探索的重点。本文针对这一问题,选取上海这个特大城市作为个案进行研究。从构建政府与社会新关系的角度,聚焦上海近年来培育引导社会组织参与社区建设的实践,发现社区建设中社会组织的培育和发挥作用的情况,往往与这个地方的社会经济发展水平呈正相关,亦即发展水平越高,对社会组织的作用认识越充分,其作用发挥越明显。为了让社区建设中社会组织更好地发挥作用,社会组织的发展必须遵循社区建设和社会建设的内在规律,应将依法行政与民生需求有机统一起来,创新服务管理模式,构建政社分工合作新体制。各级主管部门要对社会组织"放心、放手、放宽",进一步建立健全政府购买公共服务机制,加强社会组织自治能力和公信力建设,充分发挥社会组织在社区治理中的不可替代的社会协同作用。

Reconstructing the relationship between the Government and the society has attained gradual attention to the role of social organization. The construction of harmonious community needs to cultivate and develop the social organization, which requires full participation of social organization. In fact, social organization is an important link between the Govern ment and the society, and is the key to rebuilding the Government system, social system, and community governance sys- tem. However, there are many problems in our country＇s community social organizations, such as lack of cultivation and function. How to accelerate the development of social organizations and make full use of social organizations＇ function in the community governance has become a hot topic in the academic community and the focus of the exploration of community con- struction. To solve this problem, this paper selects Shanghai as a case study. From the perspective of building a new rela- tionship between the Government and the society, focusing on the practice of Shanghai in recent years to cultivate and guide social organizations to participate in community building, the author found that, in the process of community construction, the cultivation and the role of social organizations are often positively co-relevant with the level of social and economic devel- opment. That is, if the level of development is high, the function of the social organization can be better understood, and then the social organizations will work better. How to play the role of social organizations better in community construction？ The article argues that the development of the social organizations must follow the inherent law of community construction and social construction. A law-based administration and the people＇s livelihood should be organic unity. It should create service management model and construct a new system of division and cooperation between politics and society. The adminis- tration at all levels should trust and empower social organizations more rights to accomplish their responsibilities, and estab lish and perfect the public service mechanism of Government purchasing further, strengthen the social autonomy and credibil ity construction, and give full play to the social organizations in the community governance in an irreplaceable social synergy.